ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES ON STONE FRUIT GROWING ON SANDY SOILS

Climatic conditions in the sandy soils of southern Oltenia encourage cultivation of tree species in terms of applying specific technologies. Possibility of poor sandy soils fertile capitalization, earliness in 7- 10 days of fruit ripening , high yields and quality are the main factors supporting the development of fruit growing in the sandy soils of southern Oltenia. The main objectives of the research were to CCDCPN Dăbuleni. Establish and improve stone fruit species assortment, adapted to the stress of the sandy soils, establishment and evaluation of the influence of stress on trees and their influence on the size and quality of production, development of technological links (planting distances, forms management, fertilization), getting high and consistent annual production of high quality, containing low as pesticide residues, to establish a integrated health control program of the trees with emphasis on biotechnical. Research has shown good stone species behavior, and their recommended proportion is 75% of all fruit trees (peach 36%, 14% apricot, plum15%, sweet and sour cherry fruit growing 10% of the total area). Results on peach varieties revealed: ’Redhaven’, ’Suncrest’, ’Loring’ with yields ranging from (24.8 t / ha to 29.0 t/ha) with maturation period from July to August, and varieties ’NJ 244’, ’Fayette’, ’Flacara’ with productions ranging from (19.7 t / ha to 23.0 t/ha) with maturation period from August to September. The sweet cherry varieties ’Van’, ’Rainier’, ’Stella’, with yields ranging from 17. 2 to 24.4 t / ha. In the range studied sour cherry were found ’Oblacinska’ varieties of 11.0 t / ha, ’Cernokaia’ with 10.5 t / ha, ’Schatten Morelle’ with 9.1 t / ha. Optimum planting density and shape of the peach crown found that the highest yields of fruit are produced in the form of vertical cordon crown, with values ranging from 15.9 t / ha at a distance of 2 m, 10.3 t / ha at a distance of 2.5 m and 7.9 t / ha at a distance of 3 m, the distance between the tree rows is 4m. Need for organic and mineral fertilization, and the effectiveness of micronutrients with bor established optimum fertilizer doses on fruit peach, (40-60 t / ha manure and N100P80 K100). Biochemical compozition of fruit parameters is comparable with that obtained in other fruit growing areas in the country. Cherry and cherry fruit under sandy soils accumulate much larger quantities of total drymatter, carbohydrates and C vitamin compared with apricot and peach fruit

THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON PRODUCTION OF FOREIGN VARIETIES OF PEANUTS GROWN ON SANDY SOILS

The climatic conditions during the growing of groundnuts can disrupt the processes of growth and development of the plant, which is reflected in the level of production achieved. The best results were recorded in genotypes of chinese origin China 1, Ning, China 2 which recorded production of 2908 kg / ha, 2823 kg / ha, respectively 2414 kg / ha, drawing good climatic conditions in the steppe area in the south of the country. The most susceptible genotypes to the influence of climatic conditions were found to be Henan Province (1450 kg / ha), Brazilian Begici (1765 kg / ha)

RESULTS PRELIMINARY CONCERNING THE BEHAVIOR OF VARIETIES OF OKRA (HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS) ON THE SANDY SOILS OF SOUTH OLTENIA

The  variable character  of the climate in southern Oltenia, where summers are dry and warm, offers favorable conditions for the cultivation of different varieties of okra. In the climatic conditions of 2019, the results obtained regarding the behavior of the five varieties of okra studied: Ela 2, Clemson spineless, Ilinca, Ladyʼs finger, Smaranda highlighted differences between varieties both in terms of plant growth and development, and fruit production. From the productive point of view the highest production was recorded in the Clemson spineless variety (7.8 t / ha), statistically insured production as significant

RESEARCH ON ESTABLISHING ECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY IN JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE CULTURE

In the period 2018-2020. within RDSFCSS Dabuleni, from Romania, 4 planting epochs were studied and 2 harvest epochs. Determinations were made on the number of tubers/plant, the average weight of a tuber and the production per unit area. Regardless of the planting epoch both the number of tubers/plant and the average weight of a tuber was higher in the plants  harvested after 29 weeks after planting. The highest production of tubers was obtained by planting Jerusalem artichoke between April 15-25 and harvested after 29 weeks. In this variant. the production was 66.02 t / ha. corresponding to a number of 45.9 tubers / plant. with an average weight of 47.8 g / tuber

THE PRELIMINARY RESULTS REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME CURRANT CULTIVARS ON THE SANDY SOILS FROM THE SOUTH OF OLTENIA

The currant is an rustic species, with a high biological potential, able of yielding 5-8 tons/ha. It grows wildly in mountainous areas of Europe (Alps, Carpathians), Asia and North America. The currant is one of the most widespread shrubs in cultivation in our country. The production results were better for the black currant compared to the red currant. In the study period, from all studied red currant cultivars, the Detvan cultivar was highligth with 2.9 t/ha yield.  For the  black currant cultivars the yield was much higher versus to the red currants yield, being between 3.0 t/ha to Poli 51 cultivar and 4.6 t / ha to Tisel cultivar

INFLUENCE THE BEHAVIOR OF THE TYPE OF GROWING ON SANDY SOILS PEANUT GENOTYPES

International Board for Plant Genetic Resources peanut varieties classified as habitus plant in three main groups: erect, decumbent and procumbent. Characteristic of this group is the correlation between the type of growth and length of growing season, increasing from erect to decumbent and procumbent.The research conducted at CCDCPN Dăbuleni showed that type peanut genotypes decumbent growth and procumbent manifested in terms of our country a higher yield potential than those with erect type of growth

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DENSITY ON BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE GROWN ON SANDY SOILS

Jerusalem artichoke is a species with high production potential, resistance to diseases and pests, with good tolerance to variations in climatic factors. Research conducted showed that the highest production of above-ground biomass of 64779 kg / ha was obtained at a planting distance of 40 cm between plants in a row. Analyzing the interaction between the studied factors (planting density x fertilization doses) on the production of fresh tubers, it is found that the distance of 40 cm between plants / row and the level of fertilization of N120P120 K80 ensured the highest production of 41671 kg / ha fresh tubers / ha, not statistically insured

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATIONS ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF GRAIN SORGHUM IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Research conducted at SCDCPN Dăbuleni in the period 2018-2019, regarding the influence of the fertilization system on the nutritional quality of grain sorghum, has revealed different results, due to both the applied fertilization and the climatic conditions of the study period. The most balanced biochemical composition of sorghum beans was obtained in the fertilized variant with N150P80 K80 + biostimulatory (ALBIT-40 ml / ha) (11.72% humidity, 13.50% protein, 906.39 kg / ha protein, 6714kg / ha grain production, 3.53% fat, 87 kg / hl hectolitric mass, 29g mass of 1000 grains). The amount of protein expressed as a percentage increased with the increase of the production but insignificant, and the quantity of protein expressed in kg / ha increased with the increase of the distinct grain production significantly. Regarding the influence of the study years, the best results were obtained in the climatic conditions of the year 2018, which was characterized by maximum average temperatures of 26.6 0C, in the summer months and with significant precipitations during the period May-July (106.6-195.2mm)

THE MANAGEMENT OF APPLIED FERTILIZERS AND NUTRITIONAL SPACE ON THE YIELD’S CAPACITY ON JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE

The literature is relatively poor in data on the fertilization of Jerusalem artichoke and especially the optimization of this technological stage which is not always correlated with the nutritional space of plants in order to obtain higher amount of fresh biomass or tubers. Although Jerusalem artichoke is promoted as a crop with low requirements for soil fertility, it reacts very well to both types of mineral fertilization and especially on applied organic fertilizer. In this paper we highlight the main levels of mineral fertilization corelated with plant’s density which show us that in the tested conditions of argic chernozem from ARDS Caracal we obtained the most valuable yields of fresh biomass at variant where we applied N120P120K80 in the conditions of 50 cm between plants/row. The highest level of fresh biomass was 55.1 t/ha and the underground tubers production was almost 28 t/ha

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS AND TECHNOLOGY IN SOME POTATO VARIETIES GROWN ON SANDY SOILS

Less favorable conditions on sandy soils in southern Oltenia limited number ofspecies and varieties grown in the area. Drought and high temperatures in recent years (maximum 430 C in air, ground 700 C) acted as dehydrating forces on plants, disrupting their metabolism.Very high air temperature in July and August at 30 to 38.40 C relative humidity decreased to 25%, high soil surface temperature and lack of rainfall during the growing season, producing an imbalance of the water balance of plants.Excessive sweating can dehydrate plants leaf level, close osteolele and diminish gasexchange in photosynthesis