Less favorable conditions on sandy soils in southern Oltenia limited number ofspecies and varieties grown in the area. Drought and high temperatures in recent yearsÂ (maximum 430 C in air, ground 700 C) acted as dehydrating forces on plants, disruptingÂ their metabolism.Very high air temperature in July and August at 30 to 38.40 C relative humidity decreasedÂ to 25%, high soil surface temperature and lack of rainfall during the growing season,Â producing an imbalance of the water balance of plants.Excessive sweating can dehydrate plants leaf level, close osteolele and diminish gasexchange in photosynthesis

Diaconu, Aurelia

Dima, Milica

Ploae, Marieta

Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series

Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series)Vol. XLIV 2014  200  THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS AND TECHNOLOGY IN SOME POTATO VARIETIES GROWN ON SANDY SOILS  MARIETA PLOAE, AURELIA DIACONU, MILICA DIMA Research- Development Center for  Field Crops on  Sandy Soils Dabuleni e-mail:marietaploae@yahoo.com  Key words: photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate ,diurnal variation ABSTRACT Less favorable conditions on sandy soils in southern Oltenia limited number of species and varieties grown in the area. Drought and high temperatures in recent years (maximum 430 C in air, ground 700 C) acted as dehydrating forces on plants, disrupting their metabolism. Very high air temperature in July and August at 30 to 38.40 C relative humidity decreased to 25%, high soil surface temperature and lack of rainfall during the growing season, producing an imbalance of the water balance of plants. Excessive sweating can dehydrate plants leaf level, close osteolele and diminish gas exchange in photosynthesis.  INTRODUCTION Research on the behavior of potato varieties and influence of agrotechnical (irrigation and fertilization) were made in other areas of the potato crop: Chichea et al (1994), Berindei and Chichea (1997), Draica (1995), Chichea (2000) . Early potato effectively exploit the climatic conditions of the region in the period from April to June. Research conducted in this paper, followed the choice of varieties with high photosynthetic potential to obtain high yields and efficient in economic terms.   MATERIAL AND METHOD Fertilization on sandy soils increases photosynthetic efficiency of plants and production. At potato  were studied three varieties grown on three agrofunds.  Varieties were studied :Tresor, Carerra, Riviera. Agrofunds used during the growing season were: A1-N100P50K50 ; A2-N150P75K75; A3-N200P100K100 Determinations: foliar transpiration rate PRO LC +; -rate photosynthesis with PRO LC +; -radiaţia active in photosynthesis; -recording climatic factors when measurements: air temperature, relative humidity, soil surface temperature, soil moisture  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION During the vegetation measurements were performed on stages of vegetation. In May (intensive phase tubers) (table 1) climatic conditions are optimal physiological processes and conduct photosynthesis rate values were high in all variants ranging during the day with the variety and time measurements. At 9 hour  values between 22.03 micromoles CO2 / m2 / s Carerra variety fertilized with N150 P75 K75 and 26.90 micromoles CO2 / m2 / s from plants fertilized with N200 P100 K100; At 12 hour values  between 18.34 micromoles CO2 / m2 / s Riviera variety and 25.87 micromoles CO2 / m2 / s Carerra variety fertilized with N200P100K100; Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series)Vol. XLIV 2014  201   At 15hour values  between 14.08 micromoles CO2 / m2 / s variety Tresor (N150P75K75) and 24.97 Riviera variety fertilized with N200 P100 K100. In this  tubers intense growth phase of photosynthesis higher values recorded during the determination of all the doses of fertilizers varieties. Fertilization increased vegetative growth at the expense of production.  Leaf transpiration rate is influenced by the degree of hydration at which takes place each soi. Values transpiration rate increased from morning until 13 hour  with increased atmospheric drought when maximum values were recorded in all variants.        At 9 hour, the values ranged from 2.77 mmol H2O / m2 / s Tresor variety fertilized with N100P50K50 and 3.80 Riviera variety fertilized with N150P75K75 dose;  At 12 hour values ranged between 2.43 mmol H2O / m2 / s variety Carerra (N150P75K75) and 4.19 mmol H2O / m2 / s variety Tresor (N200P100K100) .It observed that high doses enhances evaporation through solution concentration due to sweat soil and plant growth effort to remove water from the soil.  At 15 hour values recorded were between 3.77 mmol H2O / m2 / s variety Carerra (N100P50K50) and 6.14 mmol H2O /m2 /s Riviera variety (N150P75K75). Note variety Riviera leaf transpiration rate showed high values at 15 hour under the action cumulative of climatic factors supporting heavier atmospheric drought than Carerra variety.  Table 1 Influence of fertilization on physiological processes in potato tubers intense growth Variety The dose of fertilizer Photosintesys rate micromoles CO2/m2/s  Transpiration rate  mmoli H2O/m2/s Hour 9 Hour 12 Hour 15 Hour 9 Hour 12 Hour 15 Tresor N100P50K50 26,65 23,34 18,22 2,77 3,90 5,45 N150P75K75 25,11 22,42 14,08 3,65 2,95 3,89 N200P100K100 24,90 22,25 22,07 3,17 4,19 5,55 Carera N100P50K50 25,29 24,81 20,21 2,92 3,21 3,77 N150P75K75 22,03 20,20 18,24 2,98 2,43 4,06 N200P100K100 26,90 25,87 24,47 3,32 4,07 6,11 Riviera N100P50K50 25,80 19,16 25,61 3,21 3,04 5,38 N150P75K75 24,70 24,27 17,30 3,80 3,02 6,14 N200P100K100 26,40 18,34 24,97 3,71 4,03 6,08   Fig.1.The corelation between of photosyntesis    Fig. 2.The correlation between of                                                and transpiration  atTresor                                    photosynthesis and transpiration variety(N150P50K50)                                              at Tresor variety(N100P75K75)  y = -0,043x + 4,387R² = 0,26000,511,522,533,544,50 10 20 30Photosyntesis(micromoli CO2/m2/sTranspiration(mmoli H2O/m2/s )y = -0,316x + 11,23R² = 0,998Photosyntesis(micromoli CO2/m2/sTranspiration(mmoli H2O/m2/s )Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series)Vol. XLIV 2014  202  In June (table 2) during tuber maturation the photosynthesis rate values decreased with physiological maturation of the leaves in varieties with short vegetation period. Values were between photosynthesis rate:   -at 9 hour, 8,17micromolesCO2 / m2 / s (Tresor) and 17,00micromoles CO2 / m2 / s (Riviera); - at hour 12,  9.20 micromoles / m 2 / s ( Carerra ) and 20.85 micromoles CO2 / m2 / s (Tresor); -at hour 15 hours, 13.02 micromoles CO2 / m2 / s (Carerra ) and 29.69 micromoles CO2 / m2 / s (Tresor). Minimum values were recorded Carerra variety fertilized with the highest dose that is not justified by the production of 58 tons / ha compared to plants fertilized with N100 P50 K50 dose where production has registered 53 tons / ha.  Fig.3. Thecorelation between of            Fig. 4. The diurnal variation a transpiration photosyntesis and transpiration                       at applied doses N100P50K50 atTresor variety(N200P100K100)   Fig.5The diurnal variation a transpira-     Fig.6 The diurnal variation a transpira-                              tion at applied doses N150P75K75             tion at applied doses N200P100K100  Tresor variety although the rate of photosynthesis was maximal, some substances are used in vegetative growth, production being reduced to 41.4 tons / ha.  Leaf transpiration rate recorded following:   -at 9 hour, 1.29 mmol H2O / m 2 / s (Carerra ) and 3.39 mmol H2O / m 2 / s (Riviera)    - 12 hour, 1.59 mmol H2O / m 2 / s (Carerra ) and 4.47 mmol H2O / m 2 / s (Tresor );    -at 15 hour, 2.10 mmol H2O / m2 / s Carerra ) and 5.57 mmol H2O / m 2 / s (Riviera). y = 0,361x2 - 17,81x + 222,6R² = 1012345621 22 23 24 25 26Photosyntesis(micromoli CO2/m2/s )Transpiration(mmoli H2O/m2/s )ora 9 ora 12 ora 15Tresor N100P50K502,77 3,9 5,45Carera N100P50K502,92 4,19 3,770123456Transpiration(mmoli H2O/m2/s )The determinations momentora 9 ora 12 ora 15Tresor N150P75K753,65 2,95 3,89Carera N150P75K752,98 3,21 4,0600,511,522,533,544,5Transpiration(mmoli H2O/m2/s )ora 9 ora 12 ora 15Tresor N200P100K1003,17 4,19 5,55Carera N200P100K1003,32 2,43 6,1101234567Transpiration(mmoli H2O/m2/s)Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series)Vol. XLIV 2014  203  Note that the  Carerra variety low values were recorded at the rate of transpiration versus Riviera variety which registered maximum at 15 hour. SoiulCarerra recorded high values of photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and low values of water was harnessed effectively by high production 58 t / ha. Table 2 Influence of fertilization on physiological processes in potato tuber maturation stage Variety The dose of fertilizer Photosintesys rate micromoles CO2/m2/s  Transpiration rate  mmoli H2O/m2/s Hour 9 Hour 12 Hour 15 Hour 9 Hour 12 Hour 15 Tresor N100P50K50 9,90 20,85 29,69 1,60 4,47 3,35 N150P75K75 8,17 16,73 20,93 1,28 4,05 4,33 N200P100K100 8,83 16,74 20,21 1,40 3,97 5,53 Carera N100P50K50 12,57 14,58 16,44 1,67 3,71 2,79 N150P75K75 10,38 13,92 16,85 1,29 2,75 2,10 N200P100K100 13,21 9,20 13,02 1,78 1,59 4,71 Riviera N100P50K50 11,64 21,67 18,22 2,19 3,46 4,66 N150P75K75 15,19 19,76 16,61 2,67 3,38 5,57 N200P100K100 17,00 13,65 15,45 3,39 2,98 2,80  Moderate doses nutrient balance remained positive physiological processes influencing the production of varieties studied ranged from 30.6 tons / ha variety Tresor and 58.8 tons / ha variety Carerra. CONCLUSIONS Photosynthesis rate showed a diurnal variation is influenced by climatic factors, since determinations of variety and stage of vegetation studied and the dose of fertilizer. Leaf transpiration rate shows a diurnal variation with high values in action at 12 to 380 C air temperature and relative humidity decreased to 25%. Riviera variety recorded higher values than foliar transpiration  variety Carerra rate effectively harnessing water evaporated. Variety Carerra recorded high values at the rate of photosynthesis on agrofunds N100P50K50, N150P75 K75 /ha and  to a maximum yield of 58 tonnes / ha.   REFERENCES 1. Acatrinei Gh., 1991 – Reglarea proceselor ecofiziologice la plante.Editura Junimea, Iaşi 2. Berindei,M., Chichea I., 1997- Cartoful timpuriu, Editura Grand Bucureşti. 3. Burzo I. şi colab., 2004 – Fiziologia plantelor de cultură. Vol. I, Editura Ceres, Bucureşti 4. Chichea I şi colab., 1989- Cultura cartofului în judeţul Dolj, S.C.P.C. Mârşani. Craiova 5. Chichea I., 2000- Cartoful timpuriu şi de vară, Editura Alma, Craiova  6. Diaconu Aurelia, 2009 – Irigarea raţională a cartofului timpuriu. Editura SITECH, Craiova 7. Draica C., 1995- Necesitatea reînoirii cartofului de sămânţă, Cartoful în România, vol.IV nr. 3, Braşov 8. Petcu Elena, 2008 – Impactul schimbărilor climatice asupra plantelor , Seceta, Editura Domino  

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS AND TECHNOLOGY IN SOME POTATO VARIETIES GROWN ON SANDY SOILS

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THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS AND TECHNOLOGY IN SOME POTATO VARIETIES GROWN ON SANDY SOILS

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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series