Комплексный подход при обосновании выбора технологии борьбы с коррозией на месторождениях Западной Сибири

Цель исследования – анализ методов и технологий защиты внутрискважинного оборудования от осложнений, вызванных коррозионной активностью на месторождениях Западной Сибири. В процессе исследования была подробно рассмотрена классификация современных рецептур (по действующему веществу) ингибиторов коррозии, а также перспективы по применению более совершенных реагентов. Проведен анализ технологий и сопутствующих им химических реагентов, применяющихся для борьбы с коррозией на месторождениях Западной Сибири. В результате исследования выявлены положительные эффекты различных технологий, а именно ингибирования и коррозионностойких материалов. Область применения: осложненный фонд скважин месторождений Западной Сибири.The purpose of the study is to analyze methods and technologies for protecting downhole equipment from complications caused by corrosion activity in the fields of Western Siberia. In the course of the study, the classification of modern formulations (by active substance) of corrosion inhibitors, as well as the prospects for the use of more advanced reagents, was considered in detail. The analysis of technologies and accompanying chemical reagents used to combat corrosion in the fields of Western Siberia is carried out. The study revealed the positive effects of various technologies, namely inhibition and corrosion-resistant materials. Field of application: complicated well stock of Western Siberia fields

Distinct genetic architectures and environmental factors associate with host response to the γ2-herpesvirus infections

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) establish life-long infections and are associated with malignancies. Striking geographic variation in incidence and the fact that virus alone is insufficient to cause disease, suggests other co-factors are involved. Here we present epidemiological analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 4365 individuals from an African population cohort, to assess the influence of host genetic and non-genetic factors on virus antibody responses. EBV/KSHV co-infection (OR = 5.71(1.58–7.12)), HIV positivity (OR = 2.22(1.32–3.73)) and living in a more rural area (OR = 1.38(1.01–1.89)) are strongly associated with immunogenicity. GWAS reveals associations with KSHV antibody response in the HLA-B/C region (p = 6.64 × 10−09). For EBV, associations are identified for VCA (rs71542439, p = 1.15 × 10−12). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and trans-ancestry fine-mapping substantiate that distinct variants in HLA-DQA1 (p = 5.24 × 10−44) are driving associations for EBNA-1 in Africa. This study highlights complex interactions between KSHV and EBV, in addition to distinct genetic architectures resulting in important differences in pathogenesis and transmission

Pathways to Coastal Resiliency: The Adaptive Gradients Framework

Current and future climate-related coastal impacts such as catastrophic and repetitive flooding, hurricane intensity, and sea level rise necessitate a new approach to developing and managing coastal infrastructure. Traditional “hard” or “grey” engineering solutions are proving both expensive and inflexible in the face of a rapidly changing coastal environment. Hybrid solutions that incorporate natural, nature-based, structural, and non-structural features may better achieve a broad set of goals such as ecological enhancement, long-term adaptation, and social benefits, but broad consideration and uptake of these approaches has been slow. One barrier to the widespread implementation of hybrid solutions is the lack of a relatively quick but holistic evaluation framework that places these broader environmental and societal goals on equal footing with the more traditional goal of exposure reduction. To respond to this need, the Adaptive Gradients Framework was developed and pilot-tested as a qualitative, flexible, and collaborative process guide for organizations to understand, evaluate, and potentially select more diverse kinds of infrastructural responses. These responses would ideally include natural, nature-based, and regulatory/cultural approaches, as well as hybrid designs combining multiple approaches. It enables rapid expert review of project designs based on eight metrics called “gradients”, which include exposure reduction, cost efficiency, institutional capacity, ecological enhancement, adaptation over time, greenhouse gas reduction, participatory process, and social benefits. The framework was conceptualized and developed in three phases: relevant factors and barriers were collected from practitioners and experts by survey; these factors were ranked by importance and used to develop the initial framework; several case studies were iteratively evaluated using this technique; and the framework was finalized for implementation. The article presents the framework and a pilot test of its application, along with resources that would enable wider application of the framework by practitioners and theorists