Repurposing of Rutan showed effective treatment for COVID-19 disease

Previously, from the tannic sumac plant (Rhus coriaria), we developed the Rutan 25 mg oral drug tablets with antiviral activity against influenza A and B viruses, adenoviruses, paramyxoviruses, herpes virus, and cytomegalovirus. Here, our re-purposing study demonstrated that Rutan at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg provided a very effective and safe treatment for COVID-19 infection, simultaneously inhibiting two vital enzyme systems of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). There was no drug accumulation in experimental animals’ organs and tissues. A clinical study demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the C-reactive protein and a reduction of the viremia period. In patients receiving Rutan 25 mg (children) and 100 mg (adults), the frequency of post-COVID-19 manifestations was significantly less than in the control groups not treated with Rutan tablets. Rutan, having antiviral activity, can provide safe treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in adults and children.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT05862883

PATHOMORPHOLOGY OF LYMPHATIC NODES DURING NEONATAL SEPSIS

Background. Morphofunctional state of newborn immunity organs, in particular lymph nodes, during sepsis has not been well-studied so far. This research was dedicated to study the morphological and morphometric features of the lymph nodes of infants who died in the neonatal period because of sepsis. Methodology. The research materials were samples of paratracheal and mesenteric lymph nodes which were taken from 42 neonatal infants’ autopsy specimens. Morphological, histochemical and morphometric methods were used to study lymph node samples obtained from different localizations. Morphometric analysis was applied to evaluate the lymph node diameter, cortex (B-zone) width, paracortical T-zone as well as the medullary layer and also to determine the paracortical zone/cortex and cortex/medullary layer ratio or the coefficient. Results. The neonatal sepsis in the newborns is accompanied by intrauterine-acquired and secondary immunodeficiencies. It was revealed that in intrauterine-acquired immunodeficiency, the main morphological and functional zones of the peripheral organs of immunogenesis are shown to be immature and hypoplastic due to underpopulation of lymphocytes. Depending on the disruption level of the humoral or cell-mediated immune system, lack of lymphocyte activation in light reproduction centers as well as corresponding structural and functional zones depletion of lymph nodes occur in secondary immunodeficiencies. They are followed by zone replacement with reticular and connective tissue. Conclusions. In intrauterine sepsis, there was the lag in the main morphologic formation which is functional zones of the lymph nodes, in postnatal sepsis on the background of the secondary immunodeficiency that the devastation of the corresponding structural and functional zones of the lymph nodes was observed according to the damage of the cellular or humoral immunity