17 research outputs found
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Second Harmonic Imaging of Nasal, Auricular, and Costal Cartilage
ObjectiveThere is little knowledge about the histological organization of facial and costal cartilages in terms of matrix structure and cell morphology. Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging is a nonlinear imaging technique that capitalizes on signal generation from highly ordered macromolecules such as collagen fibers. The purpose of this study was to use SHG microscopy to image collagen extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, chondrocyte size, and density of these cartilages.Study designExperimental.MethodsSurgical remnants of septal, lower lateral, rib, and auricular cartilages were collected following surgery, sectioned into 0.5-1 mm thick samples and fixed to facilitate batch process imaging. A Leica TCS SP8 MP Microscope and multiphoton laser were used to image the specimens. Images were analyzed for cell size, cell density, and collagen fiber directionality patterns using ImageJ.ResultsSHG images of septal specimens show mesh-like structure of the ECM. There appears to be a superficial layer, characterized by flattened lacunae and middle zone, marked by circular lacunae clusters, similar to what is observed in articular cartilage. The structure of the ECM depicts a visible orientation perpendicular to the surface of the perichondrium. Cell size and density analysis through ImageJ suggests variety across cartilage types. Directionality analysis indicates that the collagen in the ECM displays preferred direction.ConclusionThis study establishes clear extracellular models of facial and costal cartilages. Limitations include heterogeneous cartilage thickness due to processing difficulties. Further studies include automating the cutting process to increase uniformity of tissue thickness and increasing sample size to further validate results.Level of evidence2 Laryngoscope, 133:3370-3377, 2023
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Intravital multiphoton microscopy of human skin with label-free molecular contrast
This presentation will highlight the most recent results of exploring the feasibility of a custom designed clinical multiphoton imaging platform to identify and distinguish immune cell populations in human skin, based on label-free molecular contrast
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Boomerang Modification of the Septal Extension Graft: Graft Design and Functional Outcomes
Background: A "boomerang" graft is an end-to-end caudal septal extension graft (SEG) that conforms to the geometry of the anterior septal angle, and avoids septal overlap, unlike a side-to-side SEG. Objective: To compare breathing improvements in rhinoplasty patients receiving boomerang SEGs and patients receiving side-to-side SEGs. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of patients undergoing rhinoplasty with either end-to-end boomerang SEG or a side-to-side SEG. Functional outcomes were assessed through the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) survey. Results: The boomerang SEG cohort had a mean age of 34 years and were 68% female compared with 38 years and 67% female in the side-to-side SEG cohort (p > 0.05). The cohorts did not differ in the proportion of the lateral crural tensioning, spreader graft placement, or history of rhinoplasty. The boomerang cohort demonstrated a 67% reduction in NOSE scores compared with a 70% reduction among the side-to-side SEG cohort (p = 0.14). Men undergoing boomerang graft placement reported significantly less postoperative functional improvement than men undergoing placement of a side-to-side SEG (62% vs. 77%, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Use of a boomerang graft is not likely to negatively affect rhinoplasty functional outcomes when compared with a side-to-side SEG
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Costal Cartilage Considerations: Novel Use of Handheld Ultrasound Device in Rhinoplasty
Handheld ultrasound devices can be used in revision rhinoplasty to evaluate the calcification of costal rib cartilage that is to be harvested for grafting. This article provides instructions on how to perform this technique. Laryngoscope, 134:651-653, 2024
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Electrochemical clearing of rabbit cornea post-acidic/alkaline injury
Chemical injuries to the cornea account for 11 to 22% of all ocular injuries. Acidic injuries are commonly due to sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and battery acids, while basic injuries are commonly due to sodium hydroxide, chlorine bleach, and ammonia products. We have previously studied potential-driven electrochemical clearing (P-ECC) for alkaline injuries. In this study, we investigated the use of P-ECC on both acidic and alkaline injuries to determine its effect on restoring corneal transparency. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed before and after P-ECC to determine adequate corneal clearing. Severity of chemical injury was measured through second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging. HCl or NaOH was applied to the corneas of New Zealand white rabbit globes. P-ECC was performed on opacified cornea while OCT imaging was simultaneously performed to evaluate depth resolved clarity. SHG imaging evaluated the structure of collagen before HCl or NaOH application and after P-ECC. Irrigation with water served as positive control. Native rabbit corneas were used as a negative control group. P-ECC induced clearing in the rabbit cornea, shown through OCT. Clearing occurred in regions where the working electrode made contact with the cornea. SHG imaging showed restoration of collagen fibril signal in P-ECC treated corneas compared to control. P-ECC is a potentially effective therapy for clearing acidic and alkaline corneal injuries. However, more ex-vivo experiments are required to determine the specific parameter for optimal clearing. In-vivo experiments are necessary to determine its potential for clinical use
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The effects of epinephrine on ciliary beat frequency in human sinonasal mucosa
Mucociliary clearance is an important physiological mechanism for clearing the upper airways. Previously, it has been shown that different disease processes and drugs affect ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Namely, epinephrine has been shown to accelerate CBF in various animal models. Additionally, phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and spectrally encoded interferometric microscopy (SEIM) have been used to image dynamic tissue of the upper airway. Herein, we explore the effects of epinephrine on human sinonasal mucosa through PCM and SEIM. Sinonasal mucosa was harvested from patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Tissue was imaged using PCM and SEIM, maintaining physiological temperature through the use of warmed HBSS and a heating plate. Videos were taken before addition of any drugs as baseline. Epinephrine was diluted to 1 mg/mL (1:1000) and 1mL of solution was introduced to the sinonasal mucosa. PCM and SEIM was performed after to determine effects of epinephrine on CBF. Data analysis was performed using MATLAB (Mathworks, Natick, Massachusetts). Human sinonasal mucosa, taken from various anatomic locations, showed CBF values on PCM and SEIM consistent with what has been shown in previous literature. Upon addition of epinephrine to sinonasal mucosa, a marked increase in CBF was observed in both PCM and SEIM. In conclusion, the addition of epinephrine to sinonasal mucosa increased ciliary beat frequency. This validates the use of SEIM for determining CBF in sinonasal tissues. Further studies include adding to our sample size to determine a more accurate magnitude of increase of CBF