Solubilization of Proteins in 2DE: An Outline

Protein solubilization for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) has to break molecular interactions to separate the biological contents of the material of interest into isolated and intact polypeptides. This must be carried out in conditions compatible with the first dimension of 2DE, namely isoelectric focusing. In addition, the extraction process must enable easy removal of any nonprotein component interfering with the isoelectric focusing. The constraints brought in this process by the peculiar features of isoelectric focusing are discussed, as well as their consequences in terms of possible solutions and limits for the solubilization process

Adoption of managerial ideologies in Finnish academic management education 1960-2007

The article analyses when and how different management paradigms have been adopted for teaching, in the subject of organization and management, by examining the curricula and study guides of the eight main business schools in Finland.The data was analysed in three ways: (1) the analysis of all the reading lists in curricula and study guides, (2) the analyses of subject descriptions in the study guides and (3) the analysis of individual course descriptions in the study guides.Theoretically, the study draws on the literature on German-style and American-style business schools, and on the literature on management paradigms and their dissemination.Our findings indicate that there are differences in the adoption of different management paradigms in management education in German-style and American-style business schools in Finland. For example, between 1980 and 1995, the most commonly used paradigm in teaching in German-style schools was the human relations paradigm, while in American-style schools the most popular paradigm was structural analysis.The results suggest that different traditions in arranging higher management education may have an impact on the content of teaching.This provides an interesting point of departure for investigating the contents of management education in other countries, too

The protein sequence design problem in canonical model on 2D and 3D lattices

Abstract. In this paper we investigate the protein sequence design (PSD) problem (also known as the inverse protein folding problem) under the Canonical model 4 on 2D and 3D lattices [12, 25]. The Canonical model is specified by (i) a geometric representation of a target protein structure with amino acid residues via its contact graph, (ii) a binary folding code in which the amino acids are classified as hydrophobic (H) or polar (P), (iii) an energy function Φ defined in terms of the target structure that should favor sequences with a dense hydrophobic core and penalize those with many solvent-exposed hydrophobic residues (in the Canonical model, the energy function Φ gives an H-H residue contact in the contact graph a value of −1 and all other contacts a value of 0), and (iv) to prevent the solution from being a biologically meaningless all H sequence, the number of H residues in the sequence S is limited by fixing an upper bound λ on the ratio between H and P amino acids. The sequence S is designed by specifying which residues are H and which one

AN INTERORCANIZATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON LOCAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Using an open-systems model, this article discusses performance in civil defense agencies as a function of crucial environmental variables. These, in turn, are conceptualized in predicting uncertainty and dependency. Such analysis helps managers and scholars pinpoint the constraints on goal achievement. Case studies illustrate the uncertainties and dependencies induced. The model and examples, in turn, facilitate discussion of conditions affecting organizational effectiveness. Copyright 1985 by The Policy Studies Organization.

Institutional adaptation: Demands for management reform and university administration

Higher education organizations around the world have always faced environmental changes. However, in the past decade altered societal expectations, new public policies, and technological innovations have created an unprecedented set of challenges for universities. Although the borders of universities have opened in new ways for thei