A simulation of the Schwinger model in the overlap formalism

In the continuum, the single flavor massless Schwinger model has an exact global axial $U(1)$ symmetry in the sector of perturbative gauge fields. This symmetry is explicitly broken by gauge fields with nonzero topological charge inducing a nonzero expectation value for the bilinear $\bar\psi\psi$. We show that a lattice formulation of this model, using the overlap formalism to treat the massless fermions, explicitly exhibits this phenomenon. A Monte Carlo simulation of the complete system yields the correct value of the fermion condensate and shows unambiguously that it originates from the sector of topological charge equal to unity.Comment: Plain TeX file, 9 pages

ELIXIR and Toxicology: a community in development [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities

Surface state electrons on solid hydrogen films

We investigated the surface of quench condensed hydrogen films on a glass substrate by measuring the conductivity of surface state electrons (SSE) between 1.5 and 4.2 K. Initially the films were very rough (no conductivity signal). After thermal annealing the SSE conductivity increased drastically, behaving with temperature like a thermally activated process. Saturated helium films on the hydrogen led to a large increase in the SSE conductivity. Shortly before helium film completion a sharp dip in the conductivity is observed

High resolution surface plasmon measurements - a sensitive probe for thickness and structural information of ultrathin films

We describe the use of optically excited surface plasmons to measure the thickness of ultrathin films deposited on gold and silver surfaces with submonolayer resolution. Additional structural information on the film is obtained by looking at the scattering of the surface plasmons. Applications of this method to physisorbed and quench-condensed molecular hydrogen films and to spreading of liquids are presented

Partitioning and reorientational dynamics of phenylalcohols in SDS lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases: An alc-μsr study

Avoided level crossing muon spin resonance (ALC- SR) has been applied to monitor location and reorientational dynamics of two different sets of muoniated cyclohexadienyl radicals derived from 3-phenylpropan-1-ol and 5-phenylpentan-1-ol as tracer molecules in SDS–water–pentanol ternary mixtures and in SDS–water–pentanol–dodecane quaternary systems. The present results show a dependence of the phenylalcohol partitioning on the environment polarity and on the structure of the SDS dispersions. Both radicals tend to be incorporated within the mesophases at 25◦C. The low polarity sensed by the tracer molecule indicates that among all mesophases these species are immersed the deepest in the sponge phase. Alternatively, the effect could be explained by a dependence of the water gradient in the surfactant layer on the overall water versus hydrocarbon content of a system. The changing amplitudes, widths and shapes of the 1 resonances reveal a different extent of dynamics of three isomers of the muoniated 3-phenylpropan-1-ol radical in particular mesophases. The most extensive dynamics occurs in the hexagonal phase. The probe molecule chain length and the fractions of pentanol and dodecane are additional factors that affect partitioning