Growth Performance, Physicochemical Properties of Meat of Broiler Chicken’s Supplemented with Bacillus pumilus

This study examined that the efficiency of Bacillus pumilus (BP) on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of day old 240 male broiler chicks were purchased from local hatchery Hyderabad. The chicks were allocated into four groups with six replicates of 10 birds in each replicate. Four diets were prepared for experiment, which included control as basal diet, BP- 0.1 (CONT + 0.1% BP), BP-0.2 (CONT + 0.2% BP) and AGP (CONT + zinc bacitracin 20 ppm) as antibiotic growth promotor. The results showed that live body weight (LBW), average daily gain was recorded higher (P<0.01) in birds fed diet with BP-0.1 than control and BP0.2 groups, as well as ADFI also increased in BP-0.1 than control group. BP-0.1 supplementation significantly reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) than other groups(P<0.01). Both moisture and crude protein (CP) content influenced by supplementation of BP-0.1 than other groups. However, birds fed diet with BP-0.1 had least fat content in breast meat compared with the other groups (P<0.01). In addition, BP-0.1probiotic- fed birds had the lowest (P<0.01) pH, cooking loss (CL) and drip loss (DL) as compared to control, BP-0.2 and AGP groups. The water holding capacity (WHC) were found higher in BP-0.1 as compared to other groups (P<0.01). In conclusion, Bacillus pumilus probiotic supplementation is a promising approach for substitution of antibiotics in broiler diet for enhancement of growth performance and physiochemical properties of meat

Exploring polyamines: Functions in embryo/fetal development

Polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, spermine and agmatine are aliphatic polycationic compounds present in all living cells, and are derived from amino acids, intestinal bacteria, exfoliated enterocytes and supported from diet. Polyamines as the key compounds play essential role in cell proliferation, growth and differentiation. They also exert significant effects on embryonic development, implantation, embryonic diapause, placentation, angiogensis and fetal development. This review paper summarizes the functions of polyamines and embryo/fetus development and its regulatory mechanism which should help to provide some evidences for clinic

Redox mechanisms of environmental toxicants on male reproductive function

Humans and wildlife, including domesticated animals, are exposed to a myriad of environmental contaminants that are derived from various human activities, including agricultural, household, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial products. Excessive exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, and phthalates consequently causes the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The equilibrium between reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system is preserved to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Mitochondria play a key role in cellular function and cell survival. Mitochondria are vulnerable to damage that can be provoked by environmental exposures. Once the mitochondrial metabolism is damaged, it interferes with energy metabolism and eventually causes the overproduction of free radicals. Furthermore, it also perceives inflammation signals to generate an inflammatory response, which is involved in pathophysiological mechanisms. A depleted antioxidant system provokes oxidative stress that triggers inflammation and regulates epigenetic function and apoptotic events. Apart from that, these chemicals influence steroidogenesis, deteriorate sperm quality, and damage male reproductive organs. It is strongly believed that redox signaling molecules are the key regulators that mediate reproductive toxicity. This review article aims to spotlight the redox toxicology of environmental chemicals on male reproduction function and its fertility prognosis. Furthermore, we shed light on the influence of redox signaling and metabolism in modulating the response of environmental toxins to reproductive function. Additionally, we emphasize the supporting evidence from diverse cellular and animal studies

Monoclonal antibody specific to HA2 glycopeptide protects mice from H3N2 influenza virus infection

International audienceCanine influenza virus (CIV) subtype H3N2 is a newly identified, highly contagious respiratory pathogen that causes cough, pneumonia and other respiratory symptoms in dogs. Data indicate that the virus is responsible for recent clinical cases of dog disease in China. However, therapeutic options for this disease are very limited. In this study, seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CIV JS/10 (an H3N2 subtype virus) were produced and characterized. Among them, mAb D7, which is specific for the HA2 glycopeptide (gp), induced the highest neutralization titers. The protection provided by mAb D7 was evaluated in BALB/c mice challenged with homologous or heterologous strains of H3N2 influenza virus, including two strains of CIV and one strain of swine influenza virus (SIV). The data show that mAb D7 protected the mice from infection with the three viral strains, especially the homologous strain, which was indicated by the recovery of body weight, reduction of viral load, and reduction of tissue damage. Moreover, the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the lungs, as detected by ELISA, were reduced in the infected mice treated with the mAb D7 compared with those without mAb D7 treatment. Thus, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that a mAb could reduce the release of IFN-γ and TNF-α associated with tissue damage by CIV infection and that the mAb might be of great therapeutic value for CIV infection

Deactivation of airborne bacteria, fungi, and viruses by microwave absorption material Fe₃O₄@SiCcf

This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the inactivation of airborne Escherichia coli [(E. coli), a gram-negative bacterium], Bacillus subtilis [(B. subtilis), a gram-positive bacterium], MS2 (a bacteriophage) virus, and Aspergillus versicolor [(A. versicolor), a fungus] with kinetic analysis utilizing microwave irradiation based on absorption material. The capacity of a microwave-absorbing material Fe3O4@SiC ceramic foam (Fe3O4@SiCcf) to inactivate bioaerosols when subjected to microwave (MW) irradiation (2450MHz) for 25 seconds at various output powers (750, 550, 350, and 150W) was determined. The airborne MS2 decreased by 4.5 logs at the microwave (MW) input energy density of 7.2 × 103 kJ/m3, while that for E. coli was at around 4.4 logs, and that for B. subtilis was at 4.3 logs. The activation energy (Ea) applied was 13.2 kJ/mol (E. coli), 14.6 kJ/mol (B. subtilis), and that for MS2 virus was 9.6 kJ/mol. By contrast, this study has shown that A. versicolor log inactivation efficiency was lower and Ea was higher than others, which were 3.6 logs and 16.7 kJ/mol, respectively. In addition, MW - Fe3O4@SiCcf improved the inactivation efficiency of airborne microorganisms significantly compared with no absorbing material. Through the comparative analysis of energy consumption, the rate of constant airborne inactivation through MW irradiation is higher than UV and Fenton. However, the energy efficacy per MW irradiation order is lower. In summary, Fe3O4@SiCcf ceramic form is an energy-efficient material for inactivating airborne microorganisms under MW irradiation.</p

The Role of Polyphenols in Regulation of Heat Shock Proteins and Gut Microbiota in Weaning Stress

Gut microbiota is the natural residents of the intestinal ecosystem which display multiple functions that provide beneficial effects on host physiology. Disturbances in gut microbiota in weaning stress are regulated by the immune system and oxidative stress-related protein pathways. Weaning stress also alters gut microbiota response, limits digestibility, and influences animal productive performance through the production of inflammatory molecules. Heat shock proteins are the molecular chaperones that perform array functions from physiological to pathological point of view and remodeling cellular stress response. As it is involved in the defense mechanism, polyphenols ensure cellular tolerance against enormous stimuli. Polyphenols are nature-blessed compounds that show their existence in plenty of amounts. Due to their wider availability and popularity, they can exert strong immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Their promising health-promoting effects have been demonstrated in different cellular and animal studies. Dietary interventions with polyphenols may alter the gut microbiome response and attenuate the weaning stress related to inflammation. Further, polyphenols elicit health-favored effects through ameliorating inflammatory processes to improve digestibility and thereby exert a protective effect on animal production. Here, in this article, we will expand the role of dietary polyphenol intervention strategies in weaning stress which perturbs gut microbiota function and also paid emphasis to heat shock proteins in gut health. This review article gives new direction to the feed industry to formulate diet containing polyphenols which would have a significant impact on animal health

Sero-Prevalence of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Among Goats of Different Zones of District Thatta, Sindh

Introduction: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and viraldisease primarily affecting goats and sheep, caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), which belongs tothe family paramyxoviridae, and genus morbillivirus. Methodology: A total of 100 bloodsamples (female n=67 and male n=33) of goats from different areas of Thatta district werecollected. Risk factors like area, age, sex and season were analyzed. Clinically affected animalsexhibited high temperature (41oC), anorexia, dullness, lacrimal secretions, and nasal dischargediahhrea starting from 2 to 6 days post infection, hair blow the eyes becomes wet and there ismatting together of the eyelids as well as partial blockage of the nostrils by dried up purulentdischarges. Samples were transported to Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (CVDL)Tandojam, Sindh for laboratory confirmation. The competitive ELISA was performed to measureantibodies to the PPR virus. Results: The sero-positivity of PPR cases in female were 76.12%(51/67) and male 51.52% (17/33). The highest sero-prevalence was observed in age group of 4-12month 75.56% (34/45). Lowest sero-prevalence was detected in age group of 0-4 month 47.83%(11/23). Highest prevalence of PPR infections were observed in the month of August 70%(21/30), followed by 69.04% (29/42) in the September, the lowest prevalence was 64.28% (18/28)in the July. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that female animals were moreaffected than males. The higher infection was recorded during the August. Comparatively, younganimals were more affected than the suckler and adults

Determination of Quality Characteristics of Kundhi Buffalo Bull Semen

The objective of present study was to investigate the quality characteristics of semen collected from kundhi bulls. Semen was collected by an artificial vagina and transported into laboratory immediately for evaluation. Total of 96 (Twenty four from each bull) semen the samples were evaluated and found creamy white. The mean (±SEM) were mass activity (+++), volume (2.25 ± 0.01 ml), pH (6.10 ± 0.007), progressive motility (69 ± 0.34%,) sperm concentration (1542 ± 9.20x106/ml), morphology (79 ± 1.37%) and sperm membrane (55.56 ± 1.37%) respectively. Non-significant (P>0.05) difference between the bulls for the characteristics except percentages morphology and sperm membrane where a significant (

Determination of Quality Characteristics of Kundhi Buffalo Bull Semen

The objective of present study was to investigate the quality characteristics of semen collected from kundhi bulls. Semen was collected by an artificial vagina and transported into laboratory immediately for evaluation. Total of 96 (Twenty four from each bull) semen the samples were evaluated and found creamy white. The mean (±SEM) were mass activity (+++), volume (2.25 ± 0.01 ml), pH (6.10 ± 0.007), progressive motility (69 ± 0.34%,) sperm concentration (1542 ± 9.20x106/ml), morphology (79 ± 1.37%) and sperm membrane (55.56 ± 1.37%) respectively. Non-significant (P>0.05) difference between the bulls for the characteristics except percentages morphology and sperm membrane where a significant (