Deterministic construction of arbitrary WW states with quadratically increasing number of two-qubit gates

We propose a quantum circuit composed of $cNOT$ gates and four single-qubit gates to generate a $W$ state of three qubits. This circuit was then enhanced by integrating two-qubit gates to create a $W$ state of four and five qubits. After a couple of enhancements, we show that an arbitrary $W$ state can be generated depending only on the degree of enhancement. The generalized formula for the number of two-qubit gates required is given, showing that an $n$-qubit $W$-state generation can be achieved with quadratically increasing number of two-qubit gates. Also, the practical feasibility is discussed regarding photon sources and various applications of $cNOT$ gates

The CHSH Test is Sufficient to Observe Quantum Contextuality

In this work, we show that the well-known Bell test called Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) does not only exhibit non-local correlations but also contextual ones. For this purpose, we investigate the symmetric subgroup of two-qubit states corresponding to qutrit states (three-level quantum states), which exhibit the KCBS-type (non-)contextuality. Later, we apply the CHSH test to them and find a new non-contextuality bound for this test. This shows us that the CHSH inequality can be modified by changing the limit to use it as a contextuality test. Also, the number of measurements required is four, less than the number of measurements in the KCBS test (That is five)

Between Revolution and State Evolution: The Palestinian National Movement, Hybrid Warfare, and the West

The Palestinian cause has become one of the most symbolic and broadly recognized political issues on the international human rights agenda. This thesis posits that the Palestinian National Movement’s (PNM) success is the product of its decades-old “hybrid warfare strategy” inspired by Chinese, Soviet and Islamist ideologies. To explain this phenomenon, this thesis applies the Copenhagen School’s securitization theory, reengineering it as “Hybrid Warfare Securitization theory,” in which the securitizing actor issues multiple speech or practice acts to multiple audiences masking a meta-objective that fuses nominally contradictory securitizations. HWST is a model that explores the transmission of speech and practice acts to audiences, and is inspired by studies of ontological, nondemocratic and authoritarian securitizations from Maoist China and Soviet Russia, applied to the PNM. This thesis explains the PNM’s hybrid warfare strategy by tracing the origins of the Palestinian National Movement’s ideology and political influences in Arab, Islamic and Marxist political philosophies. The thesis focuses on the PNM’s decades-long success in psychological and sensationalistic terror warfare, international diplomacy and solidarity-building, lawfare, and media influence in the West, which largely came to accept PNM messages under the historical influences of neo Marxism, postcolonialism, and critical theory in its own academic, political, and ultimately, public discourses. This dissertation concludes that the PNM’s hybrid warfare strategy has resulted in “legitimacy inversion” by which central tenets of Israel’s international legitimacy have been transferred to the PLO, thereby depreciating Israel’s international legitimacy.This thesis concludes that the PNM’s hybrid warfare strategy influences the ability of non-state actors to undermine the legitimacy of democratic sovereign states.<br/

Restoration of the Outer Treasury and Exhibition of the Section of Arms and Armours in Topkapi Palace Museum

This article aims at telling the story of restoration and exhibition of the Section of Arms and Armours (the Outer Treasury) in Topkapi Palace Museum. During this process, not only was the structure experiencing restoration and consolidation, but also was the first archeological excavation being realized in a closed space in the Topkapi Palace complex, with the discovery of Byzantine reminiscences underground becoming a significant part of the new exhibiton.After being restored between 2008 and 2010, the Outer Treasury was transformed into a new exhibition project, aiming at the integration of contemporary strategies of exhibition design and technology. Its purpose was not simply to highlight the glory of the Ottoman history, but to engage visitors in a complete sensory experience by making full use of the esthetics of the work of art on display of the Ottoman legacy. Topkapi Palace's architecture, archeology and selected collection of arms and armours are being exhibited by means of contemporary media instruments, such as film, music, graphics and costume arts. (C) 2012. Higher Education Press Limited Company. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V

Coordinating Digital Regulation in the UK: Is the Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum (DRCF) up to the task?

The shift to online commerce and communication in the global pandemic, the Cambridge Analytica scandal and the cancel culture exacerbated by social media platforms have demonstrated our increasing reliance on digital platforms. Digital regulation is receiving increasing scrutiny globally and, in the UK, as exemplified by the recent Digital Markets and Digital Services Act by the European Union and the establishment of the Digital Markets Unit within the Competition and Markets Authority in the UK. In July 2020, the Competition and Markets Authority, the Information Commissioner’s Office and the Office of Communications formed the Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum (DRCF) to coordinate digital regulation between various regulators. In April 2021, the Financial Conduct Authority also joined the DRCF as a full member. Against this backdrop, the paper explores the coordination of digital regulation in the UK and analyses how effective the DRCF is in contributing to this objective. It is argued that to effectively respond to the challenges posed by digital technologies, coordination between various regulatory authorities must be extended and formalised to avoid fragmented enforcement. Whilst the DRCF is a step in the right direction, it needs to engage more closely with other relevant stakeholders

The Story of the Architectural Documentation of Hagia Sophia’s Hypogeum

Hagia Sophia’s hypogeum is a group of subterranean Roman tomb structures located in the area between the northeastern side of the structure and the imaret (“soup kitchen”) of Hagia Sophia. Consisting of three chambers connected by a passage, the hypogeum is dated to the fourth century and older than the current Hagia Sophia. The story of the architectural documentation of the hypogeum is also interesting. As a matter of fact, exposed findings during the museum research still contribute to the dating studies of the structure. The first digital architectural visualisation of the space was made in 2020 within the documentation of the subterranean structures of Hagia Sophia. After the partial cleaning of the inner space at the end of 2021, a relatively more favourable environment allowed for its visualisation. This study presents the most recent architectural documentation of the hypogeum carried out, the first reconstruction plan proposal, and a virtual superposition of the structure with its superstructure. Completely cleaning the interior and top will enable this space to be thoroughly documented and dated. By including the narrative of the documentation story to the present, this study is expected to be the last visualisation of the hypogeum until it is completely cleaned. The lack of architecturally similar structures in Istanbul requires special attention to this subterranean structure

School counselors’ views about the individualized educational program practices

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to analyze elementary school counselors’ views about the individualized educational program. This is a descriptive research that based on a survey and interviews. A questionnaire consists of 18 questions about the implementation of individualized education programs were administered to 45 school counselors from different districts of Istanbul. According to research findings, school counselors found themselves inadequate for the individualized education program applications. They also noted that teachers’ knowledge about inclusive education process was inadequate and the number of supporting staff was insufficient. Moreover, the booklet suggested by The Ministry of Education for the individualized education program does not provide valid and appropriate information for the teachers. Therefore, the learning environment in the schools and support services for individualized educational program should be improved for better implementation