Met andere woorden: Over taal en meertaligheid

Contains fulltext : 68400.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)09 mei 200823 p

APT: Costs and Benefits of a Hybrid Model

Contains fulltext : 40861.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)3 p

Authors' response: Modelling bilingual word recognition: Past, present and future

Contains fulltext : 62093.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)The detailed comments of our colleagues on our keynote article suggest that they all value the integration of various sorts of empirical data into one formalized model of bilingual word recognition. Taking this position, our peers propose further specifications or adaptations of the proposed BIA+ model with respect to its representations, processes or control structure; and they indicate what, in their view, should be the next step in model development or empirical testing. We are grateful for their contributions, which we will carefully think through in the coming time and use as a basis for future implementations

The multilingual lexicon

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Lexical processing in bilinguals and multilinguals: The word selection problem

Contains fulltext : 63046.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)This chapter considers a number of linguistic factors that appear to help the word selection process in visual word recognition by multilinguals: item related characteristics having to do with neighborhood density, language-specific cues, language distance, and script type; and linguistic context aspects having to do with morphological, syntactic, and language membership information. The theoretical analysis suggests that multilinguals do not require any special processing mechanisms to solve the word selection problem they are faced with during reading. A multilingual framework for relating various aspects of word identification and task/decision factors (extending the BIA+ model) is discussed

Task and context effects in bilingual processing

Contains fulltext : 56070.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Psycholinguistics tends to talk about general models for language processing and ignore the effects of task and context. Researchers speak about, for instance, models of word recognition, as if performance would not depend on the actual circumstances in which it occurs. Fortunately, there is an increasing interest in the effects of task demands and context types on language processing. This chapter first describes a model for bilingual word recognition that gives only a rudimentary account of context and task effects, the Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA) model. To make clear that this model requires adaptation, reaction time studies are discussed, showing the effects of different types of context on bilingual lexical processing. This leads to the extension of the bilingual word recognition model with a system that explicitly takes into account task and context aspects. The adapted model, the BIA+ model, is shown to be compatible not only with reaction time data, but also with data from electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques

The multilingual lexicon

Item does not contain fulltextAlthough precise numbers are lacking, in the world at large there may be more multilinguals than monolinguals when we define “multilingualism” as the regular use of two or more languages. This prominence of multilingualism in the world has its consequences for psycholinguistic research, because the language processing system might be differently organized in monolinguals and bilinguals. In fact, research might miss out on important characteristics or limitations of the language processing system when the workings of only one language (often English) are investigated. In this review chapter, a number of questions is posed with respect to the multingual lexicon. How are words stored in the mental lexicon of multilinguals? How does a multilingual retrieve words in reading, listening, and speaking? What is the effect of context and cognitive control on multilingual processing? What models have been proposed to account for the available data? What can cognitive neuroscience contribute to bilingualism

Lexical storage and retrieval in bilinguals

Contains fulltext : 63050.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)A review of recent studies on the recognition of isolated words by bilinguals shows that this process is automatic and profoundly language non-selective. For example, upon the presentation of an ambiguous word form such as LIST, which exists in both English and Dutch (where it means "cream"), the associated representations in both languages become active. This happens even when it would be advantageous for the bilingual to suppress one reading of such interlingual homographs. Non-linguistic context factors, such as the demands of the task, the instruction, and participant strategies appear to affect the performance of bilingual participants indirectly, via a task / decision system. In contrast, when words are embedded in sentences, their identification process appears to be affected more directly by linguistic context, i.e. the syntactic, lexical, and semantic aspects of the preceding sentence

Bilingual visual word recognition and lexical access

Item does not contain fulltextIn spite of the intuition of many bilinguals, a review of empirical studies indicates that during reading under many circumstances, possible words from different languages temporarily become active. Such evidence for "language non-selective lexical access" is found using stimulus materials of various kinds: interlingual homographs (words that are identical in orthography between languages, such as the English-Dutch word BRAND, meaning "fire" in Dutch), cognates (words that have an orthography and a meaning that are similar or identical across languages, such as TOMATO in English and TOMAAT in Dutch), and interlingual neighbors (words from two languages that differ in only one letter position, such as STEAK and STERK, meaning "strong" in Dutch). However, although there is parallel lexical activation in both languages during bilingual word recognition, the actually observed result patterns also appear to be task-dependent. A distinction must therefore be made between factors affecting the word identification system directly (such as sentence context) and factors affecting the task/decision system (non-linguistic context and task demands). Recent models of bilingual word recognition are discussed with respect to these two types of factors