COVID-19: UNLOCK 1.0 RISK, TEST, TRANSMISSION, INCUBATION AND INFECTIOUS PERIODS AND REPRODUCTION OF NOVEL COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Globally, novel COVID-19 has create an unbalanced atmosphere for people in every aspect. Infection of novel COVID-19 spreading all over the world and this condition is known as pandemic by the WHO. This pandemic is blocked many of economic activities due to communicable disease and has no cure till date to fight with corona. It has produced vital economic impact on the globe. It may turn out recession in many sectors of the world. In every sector in the globe, most of the products are imported from China, especially in medicine and manufacturing industry.COVID-19 caused a global pandemic resulting in about 20 millions of infections and around a million of deaths worldwide. Prevention strategies such as avoiding traveling to an infected area and avoiding eating wild animals can reduce the spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This paper aims to understand the Risk, Transmission, Diagnosis and Reproduction of COVID-19

Regulation of unipinnate character in the distal tendrilled domain of compound leaf-blade by the gene MULTIFOLIATE PINNA (MFP) in pea Pisum sativum

The wild type compound leaf-blade of Pisum sativum has one to three pairs of simple leaflet pinnae in its petiole proximal domain, one to four pairs of simple tendril pinnae in the distal domain and a simple tendril pinna in the apical domain. A novel ethyl methane sulfonate induced dominant mutant was isolated and characterized whose leaf-blades formed MULTIFOLIATE PINNA pairs in the distal domain. The distal multifoliate pinnae or compound pinna-blades had three tendrilled-leaflets as pinnules. The pinnules had a bifacial elliptic-lanceolate leaflet body and arc shaped apex that mimicked the ringlet shaped apex of tendrils. The TL/tl, mfp/mfp and tl/tl, mfp/mfp leaf-blades also produced multifoliate (compound) pinna-blades in distal positions; the pinnules of these genotypes had elliptic shape. The pinnae were branched tendrils in TL/TL, MFP/mfp plants. The leaf-blade rachis was more ramified in af mfp double mutants than in af mutant. In the af mfp double mutant, the multifoliate pinna-blades were present on tertiary and secondary branches of the rachis in the proximal domain and on secondary branches and the primary rachis in the distal domain. The leaf-blades of the af tl mfp triple mutant genotype were an order of magnitude more ramified than those of af tl and af mfp genotypes in proximal as well as distal domains. The leaf-blade phenotypes of various genotypes revealed in this study and those known from previous work have allowed the following conclusions about the nature of mfp mutation and mfp function(s). (a) The presence of mfp mutation or mfp function changes the identity of distal primordia, from tendrils in the wildtype (MFP/MFP) leaf-blades to multifoliate pinna-blades in mfp/mfp mutant. (b) A pathway for the lamination of pinnules of multifoliate blades formed in distal and terminal domains in the mfp mutant and all domains in af mfp double mutant is activated by the mfp mutation. (c) The leaflet-/pinnule-lamination pathway activated by the tl mutation interacts with the mfp-directed pathway. (d) The mfp mutation intensifies rachis ramification in proximal and distal domains activated by the af mutation. This process is distinct from analogous rachis ramification that occurs in the af tl double mutant

Expression of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway genes corresponds to accumulation of related alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, a medicinally important plant, produces anticancer dimeric alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, in the leaves and accumulates antihypertensive alkaloids, ajmalicine and serpentine, in the roots. This plant grows wild in distant tropical and sub-tropical geographical locations with different agro-climates and shows wide variations in morphological and alkaloid yield-related traits. In order to understand the correlation between the expression of terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) pathway genes and accumulation of related alkaloids, six different genetic resources of C. roseus, including the medicinal cultivars Nirmal, Prabal, Dhawal, the mutants gsr-3 and gsr-6, and one horticultural variety, Pacifica blush, were studied. The expression profiles of one early and two late TIA biosynthetic pathway genes, namely, strictosidine synthase, desacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase and deacetyl vindoline 4-O-acetyl transferase were analyzed in these plants. A positive correlation between transcript abundance and accumulation of related alkaloids was observed in the different genetic resources. The potential of these TIA biosynthetic pathway genes for use in screening of high-yielding C. roseus germplasm has been discussed

Composition of the essential oils of the leaves and flowers of Rhus mysurensis Heyne ex Wight & Arn growing in the Aravalli mountain range at New Delhi

Hydrodistillation of the leaves (L) and flowers (inflorescence, F) of Rhus mysurensis plants growing on the Aravalli ridge at New Delhi in India gave sweet scented volatile oils which were investigated by GC and GC-MS analyses. Both the oils were found to contain almost the same compounds. The major components of the oils were identified as α-pinene (F, 15.5%; L, 26.8%), limonene (L, 26.2%; F, 51.3%), sabinene (L,3.8%; F, 4.1%), β-caryophyllene (L, 6.6%; F, 9.4%) and α- and β-eudesmol (L, 7.8%; F, 4.4%)

Constituents of the flower oil of Carissa opaca growing in the Aravalli mountain range at New Delhi

The highly fragrant essential oil of the flowers of Carissa opaca, growing on Aravalli ridge at New Delhi, was investigated by GC and GC-MS analyses. A total of 20 compounds, accounting for 99.5% of the oil, were identified. The main component was palmitic acid (82.5%). Other major compounds were benzyl salicylate (6.0%), benzyl benzoate (4.6%) and (E,E)-α-farnesene (3.5%)

Volatile components of leaves and flowers of periwinkle Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don from New Delhi

The hydrodistilled waxy oils of the leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don cv. Nirmal plants grown at New Delhi were analysed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 52 compounds were identified, accounting for the 91.3% of the leaf oil. Among these the main constituents were as follows: (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal (7.7%), citronellol (7.9%), geraniol (7.9%), p-cresol (4.7%), (Z,E)-pentadecanal (6.6%), hexadecanoic acid (4.9%), palmitic acid (4.9%) and phytol (6.4%). A total of 41 compounds were identified, accounting for 99.4% of the flower oil, whose main constituents were heneicosane (20.8%), tricosane (37.9%), tetracosane (6.1%) and docosane (4.3%). A total of 24 compounds occurred in both the leaf and flower oils