Patterns of Care of Childhood Cancers in India

Management of childhood cancers in India has seen a new high in last few decades due to collaborative efforts of Physicians and organizations- both governmental and non-governmental. However, care is still heterogenous in this vast country. The problems span from a lack of data to programs for tackling cancers at the community level and lack of awareness among parents and physicians on childhood cancers, along with a nihilistic attitude and stigma attached to cancers even in this digital era. In this article, we describe the milestones in the development of Pediatric Oncology as a specialty, of cancer registries, of diagnostic armamentarium, access to affordable drugs, and, palliative care for children with cancers in India, that perhaps reflects care in other developing countries

Lessons from delivering a STEM workshop using educational robots given language limitations

Educational robots are increasingly being used in schools as learning tools to support the development of skills such as computational thinking because of the growing number of technology-related jobs. Using robots as a tool inside the classroom has been proved to increase motivation, participation and inclination towards STEM subjects at both primary and secondary levels; however, language has usually not been considered as a mitigating factor. This paper reports our experience delivering nine workshops in English, using Thymio robots, to over two hundred students aged 9–12 across a week in the French cities of Nancy and Metz. Our goal was to test whether students would still have fun, learn something new and gain an interest in STEM even when the workshop was conducted in a foreign language. Our results indicate that using language that is easy to understand, although foreign, has a strong direct correlation (p ~ 10-3 ) with having fun and that the latter positively affects learning and increased interest in STEM.</p

NeatSkin:A Discrete Impedance Tomography Skin Sensor

In this paper we present NeatSkin, a novel artificial skin sensor based on electrical impedance tomography. The key feature is a discrete network of fluidic channels which is used to infer the location of touch. Change in resistance of the conductive fluid within these channels during deformation is used to construct sensitivity maps. We present a method to simulate touch using this unique network-based, low output dimensionality approach. The efficacy is demonstrated by fabricating a NeatSkin sensor. This paves the way for the development of more complex channel networks and a higher resolution soft skin sensor with potential applications in soft robotics, wearable devices and safe human-robot interaction.</p

Clinical Profile, Patterns of Care and Outcomes of Childhood CNS Tumours in India

Paediatric CNS tumours are the third most common childhood malignancy in India. They account for 14% of all cancers in the 1–14 years age group. There is dearth of adequate prospective or retrospective studies about patterns of care and outcomes. There is male preponderance. Primitive Neuro-ectodermal tumours (PNET) are the most common histology followed by astrocytoma and other gliomas among children from 0 to 19 years. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the main modalities of treatment. Available data points to underutilisation of radiotherapy in clinical practice due to the fear of non-compliance. Paediatric CNS tumours outcomes are different from adult brain tumours due to their aggressive histology, variable clinical presentations, delay in diagnosis, etc. There is also shortage of adequate multidisciplinary paediatric neuro-oncology units in the country. Future directions include setting up more dedicated paediatric neuro-oncology units, implementation of new 2022 WHO classification by adopting molecular testing across different histology’s, use of better radiation technology to prevent long term neurocognitive and other late effects and survivorship clinics to monitor for late effects and rehabilitate the childhood cancer survivors and, perhaps a registry. These issues are discussed in detail in this chapter

Euglenoid-inspired Giant Shape Change for Highly Deformable Soft Robots

Nature has exploited softness and compliance in many different forms, from large cephalopods to microbial bacteria and algae. In all these cases, large body deformations are used for both object manipulation and locomotion. The great potential of soft robotics is to capture and replicate these capabilities in controllable robotic form. This letter presents the design of a bioinspired actuator capable of achieving a large volumetric change. Inspired by the changes in body shape seen in the euglena Eutreptiella spirogyra during its characteristic locomotion, a novel soft pneumatic actuator has been designed that exploits the hyperelastic properties of elastomers. We call this the hyperelastic bellows (HEB) actuator. The result is a structure that works under both positive and negative pressure to achieve euglenoid-like multimodal actuation. Axial expansion of 450% and a radial expansion of 80% have been observed, along with a volumetric change of 300 times. Furthermore, the design of a segmented robot with multiple chambers is presented, which demonstrates several of the characteristic shapes adopted by the euglenoid in its locomotion cycle. This letter shows the potential of this new soft actuation mechanism to realise biomimetic soft robotics with giant shape changes.</p

Tiled Auxetic Cylinders for Soft Robots

Compliant structures allow robots to overcome environmental challenges by deforming and conforming their bodies. In this paper, we investigate auxetic structures as a means of achieving this compliance for soft robots. Taking a tiling based approach, we fabricate 3D printed cylindrical auxetic structures to create tiled auxetic cylinders (TACs). We characterise the relative stiffness of the structures and show that variation in behaviour can be achieved by modifying the geometry within the same tiling family. In addition, we analysed the equivalent Poisson's ratio and found the range between the investigated designs to span from -0.33 to -2. Furthermore, we demonstrate a conceptual application in the design of a soft robot using the auxetic cylinders. We show that these structures can reactively change in shape, thereby reducing the complexity of control, with potential applications in confined spaces such as the human body, or for exploration through unpredictable terrain.</p

EuMoBot: Replicating Euglenoid Movement in a Soft Robot

Contains PCA for the larger robot and analysis of design parameters