Extraction of DNA, genotyping and sexing of samples based on tiger scats collected from Ranthambore, Kuno-Palpur, Madhav, Bandhavgarh and Pench Tiger Reserves.

<p>Extraction of DNA, genotyping and sexing of samples based on tiger scats collected from Ranthambore, Kuno-Palpur, Madhav, Bandhavgarh and Pench Tiger Reserves.</p

Proportional membership of each tiger in the four clusters identified by STRUCTURE.

<p>Each tiger is represented by a single vertical bar. RTR – Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, KPWLS – Kuno-Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary, MNP – Madhav National Park, BTR – Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve, PTR – Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh.</p

Principal Coordinate Analysis of genotypes obtained from “O” Madhav National Park (MNP), “▴” Kuno-Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary (KPWLS), “•” Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (RTR), “▪” Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) and “□” Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve (BTR) genotypes.

<p>Principal Coordinate Analysis of genotypes obtained from “O” Madhav National Park (MNP), “▴” Kuno-Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary (KPWLS), “•” Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (RTR), “▪” Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) and “□” Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve (BTR) genotypes.</p

Wright's F-statistics analysis for Madhav National Park and Ranthambore Tiger reserve populations.

<p>F_IS, F_ST, and F_IT are correlations between pairs of genes, within individuals within populations, between individuals in the same population and within individuals, respectively.</p><p>Relat, an estimator of the average relatedness of individuals within samples when compared to whole <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029827#pone.0029827-Queller1" target="_blank">[59]</a>.</p><p>Relatc estimates the inbreeding corrected relatedness <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029827#pone.0029827-Pamilo1" target="_blank">[60]</a>.</p><p>R_st, estimate of relative genetic differentiation.</p>a<p>Standard errors – estimate from jackknife over loci and significance from t-test using these estimates, p<0.05.</p

Private alleles in different tiger populations of the Central Indian Landscape.

<p>Private alleles in different tiger populations of the Central Indian Landscape.</p

Number of alleles per locus in different populations studied (Allelic Richness).

<p>Number of alleles per locus in different populations studied (Allelic Richness).</p

Matrix of maximum likelihood relatedness (lower triangle) and relatedness Queller and Goodnight estimator [44] (upper triangle) between PTR tigers.

<p>R value for unrelated dyads lies between −1 and 0.125, for 2^nd degree relatives between 0.125 and 0.375, and for 1^st degree relatives between 0.375 and 0.625.</p><p>F– female, M – male tiger.</p

Measures of genetic variation at studied microsatellite loci: PTR tiger population.

*<p>Effective number of alleles <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066956#pone.0066956-Kimura1" target="_blank">[40]</a>.</p>!<p>Shannon's Information index <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066956#pone.0066956-Lewontin1" target="_blank">[73]</a>.</p>#<p>PIC (Polymorphic Information Content).</p>a<p>Expected heterozygosities were computed using Levene <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066956#pone.0066956-Levene1" target="_blank">[74]</a> and Nei’s <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066956#pone.0066956-Nei1" target="_blank">[48]</a> expected heterozygosity.</p>b<p>Heterozygote deficiencies were expressed as D =  (Ho –He)/He.</p>c<p>Inbreeding coefficient (Wright's) was calculated as F = 1−Ho/He.</p

Correlogram plot of genetic correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) as a function of distance for (A) female tigers (n = 22) and (B) male tigers (n = 6).

<p>The permuted 999% confidence intervals (broken lines) and bootstrapped 999% confidence error bars are also shown.</p

Map showing the location of Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR), Madhya Pradesh, India.

<p>Map showing the location of Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR), Madhya Pradesh, India.</p