Determinants for gallstone formation – a new data cohort study and a systematic review with meta-analysis*

Objective: Only few determinants of gallstone formation have been identified in cohort studies. The aim was to identify further determinants for gallstones in a Danish cohort and to perform a meta-analysis of results from existing cohorts. Material and methods: Data from a cohort study was used. Gallstone incidence was assessed through repeated ultrasound examinations. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, self-rated health, lifestyle variables, blood lipids, and use of female sex hormones were measured at the baseline examination. Statistical analyses included logistic regression. Based on a prospective protocol, a systematic review of the literature was performed identifying all articles dealing with determinants of incident gallstones. Meta-analyses of comparable determinants were performed through fixed effect models. Results: Participants with no gallstones at baseline and with at least one re-examination were followed-up completely (mean 11.6 years, N = 2848). The overall cumulative incidence of gallstones was 0.60% per year. Independent positive determinants for incident gallstones were age, female sex, non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol, and gallbladder polyps. In addition, BMI was positively associated in men. The systematic review additionally identified associations for comorbidities, parity, and dietary factors. Meta-analysis confirmed the significant associations for incident gallstones and age, female sex, BMI, and non-HDL cholesterol. No significant associations were found for blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, HDL cholesterol, or triglycerides in meta-analyses. Conclusions: Age, female sex, BMI, non-HDL cholesterol, and polyps are independent determinants for gallstone formation. Incident gallstones and the metabolic syndrome share common risk factors. More studies are needed for further exploration

Determinants for gallstone formation – a new data cohort study and a systematic review with meta-analysis*

Objective: Only few determinants of gallstone formation have been identified in cohort studies. The aim was to identify further determinants for gallstones in a Danish cohort and to perform a meta-analysis of results from existing cohorts. Material and methods: Data from a cohort study was used. Gallstone incidence was assessed through repeated ultrasound examinations. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, self-rated health, lifestyle variables, blood lipids, and use of female sex hormones were measured at the baseline examination. Statistical analyses included logistic regression. Based on a prospective protocol, a systematic review of the literature was performed identifying all articles dealing with determinants of incident gallstones. Meta-analyses of comparable determinants were performed through fixed effect models. Results: Participants with no gallstones at baseline and with at least one re-examination were followed-up completely (mean 11.6 years, N = 2848). The overall cumulative incidence of gallstones was 0.60% per year. Independent positive determinants for incident gallstones were age, female sex, non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol, and gallbladder polyps. In addition, BMI was positively associated in men. The systematic review additionally identified associations for comorbidities, parity, and dietary factors. Meta-analysis confirmed the significant associations for incident gallstones and age, female sex, BMI, and non-HDL cholesterol. No significant associations were found for blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, HDL cholesterol, or triglycerides in meta-analyses. Conclusions: Age, female sex, BMI, non-HDL cholesterol, and polyps are independent determinants for gallstone formation. Incident gallstones and the metabolic syndrome share common risk factors. More studies are needed for further exploration

IoT device identification - Multi user data

Artificial multi user observations generated as described in the associated paper Section III. Frequency: 863-870 MHz (center 866,5 MHz) Sample Frequency: 10 MSPS Date of measurement: 15 November 2018 Location: Connectivity Lab, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7C, Aalborg University, Denmar

IoT device identification - Upstairs

Upstairs measurements of the 868 MHz ISM band. The transmitter devices are placed in a room a floor above the measurement setup. Frequency: 863-870 MHz (center 866,5 MHz) Sample Frequency: 10 MSPS Date of measurement: 15 November 2018 Location: Connectivity Lab, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7C, Aalborg University, Denmar

IoT device identification dataset

This is the main record in the IoT device measurements connected to the paper "Identification of IoT Devices using Experimental Radio Spectrum Dataset and Deep Learning". This is a connecting dataset that references all the actual data. The records are split because of the large size of the dataset. The records containing the data are found at the following DOIs: Raw data Other room: 10.5281/zenodo.3646427 Upstairs: 10.5281/zenodo.3641580 Same room: 10.5281/zenodo.3638163 Background measurement: 10.5281/zenodo.3638139 Multi user data (No fading): 10.5281/zenodo.3754210 Multi user data: 10.5281/zenodo.3753003 Cut and dimensionality reduced measurements: 10.5281/zenodo.3752981 Common parameters for all the measurements: Frequency: 863-870 MHz (center 866,5 MHz) Sample Frequency: 10 MSPS Date of measurement: 15 November 2018 Location: Connectivity Lab, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7C, Aalborg University, Denmar

IoT device identification - Other room

Other room measurements of the 868 MHz ISM band. The transmitter device is placed in an adjacent room to the receiver. Both transmitter and receiver are on the same floor. Frequency: 863-870 MHz (center 866,5 MHz) Sample Frequency: 10 MSPS Date of measurement: 15 November 2018 Location: Connectivity Lab, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7C, Aalborg University, Denmar