11,403 research outputs found
Economic Migration, Networks and Human Capital Transferability from the New European Borderlands. A Comparison of Five Eastern European Countries.
In the paper we use a unique new data set which has been collected in late 2006 in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine to investigate the determinants for short term migration and its destination and duration patterns. Special attention is paid to the role played by personal networks to Eastern and Western destinations as well as investments into the transferability of human capital made by migrants prior to their stay abroad. We find that many determinants and migration patterns are quite similar across the CIS countries under consideration but exhibit some surprising differences to standard results from the migration literature, e.g. the prevalence of older migrants and the low importance of children in the migration decision process. Networks and human capital transferability are the main explaining factors for the migration and destination decision, a result proofing robust after correcting for endogeneity. We expect that migration is likely to grow in importance for some countries at the European Borderlands, as networks develop and the costs of migration decrease. However, our analysis reveals that fears of brain drain have little substance as the educational background of migrants is rather low. As a considerable number of migrants have invested into destination country specific human capital prior to migration, this improved human capital endowment can benefit both, migrants and the society of sending countries, alike. --Migration,human capital transferability,migration networks,cross-country study
Extremal transmission through a microwave photonic crystal and the observation of edge states in a rectangular Dirac billiard
This article presents experimental results on properties of waves propagating
in an unbounded and a bounded photonic crystal consisting of metallic cylinders
which are arranged in a triangular lattice. First, we present transmission
measurements of plane waves traversing a photonic crystal. The experiments are
performed in the vicinity of a Dirac point, i.e., an isolated conical
singularity of the photonic band structure. There, the transmission shows a
pseudodiffusive 1/L dependence, with being the thickness of the crystal, a
phenomenon also observed in graphene. Second, eigenmode intensity distributions
measured in a microwave analog of a relativistic Dirac billiard, a rectangular
microwave billiard that contains a photonic crystal, are discussed. Close to
the Dirac point states have been detected which are localized at the straight
edge of the photonic crystal corresponding to a zigzag edge in graphene
GRB-triggered searches for gravitational waves in LIGO data
The LIGO gravitational wave detectors have recently reached their design
sensitivity and finished a two-year science run. During this period one year of
data with unprecedented sensitivity has been collected. I will briefly describe
the status of the LIGO detectors and the overall quality of the most recent
science run. I also will present results of a search for inspiral waveforms in
gravitational wave data coincident with the short gamma ray burst detected on
1st February 2007, with its sky location error box overlapping a spiral arms of
M31. No gravitational wave signals were detected and a binary merger in M31 can
be excluded at the 99% confidence level.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, contributed talk, submitted to the proceedings of
Gamma Ray Bursts 2007, Santa Fe, New Mexico, November 5-9 200
Threshold effects for two pathogens spreading on a network
Diseases spread through host populations over the networks of contacts
between individuals, and a number of results about this process have been
derived in recent years by exploiting connections between epidemic processes
and bond percolation on networks. Here we investigate the case of two pathogens
in a single population, which has been the subject of recent interest among
epidemiologists. We demonstrate that two pathogens competing for the same hosts
can both spread through a population only for intermediate values of the bond
occupation probability that lie above the classic epidemic threshold and below
a second higher value, which we call the coexistence threshold, corresponding
to a distinct topological phase transition in networked systems.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Application of a trace formula to the spectra of flat three-dimensional dielectric resonators
The length spectra of flat three-dimensional dielectric resonators of
circular shape were determined from a microwave experiment. They were compared
to a semiclassical trace formula obtained within a two-dimensional model based
on the effective index of refraction approximation and a good agreement was
found. It was necessary to take into account the dispersion of the effective
index of refraction for the two-dimensional approximation. Furthermore, small
deviations between the experimental length spectrum and the trace formula
prediction were attributed to the systematic error of the effective index of
refraction approximation. In summary, the methods developed in this article
enable the application of the trace formula for two-dimensional dielectric
resonators also to realistic, flat three-dimensional dielectric microcavities
and -lasers, allowing for the interpretation of their spectra in terms of
classical periodic orbits.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 1 tabl
Spectral properties of Bunimovich mushroom billiards
Properties of a quantum mushroom billiard in the form of a superconducting
microwave resonator have been investigated. They reveal unexpected nonuniversal
features such as, e.g., a supershell effect in the level density and a dip in
the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution. Theoretical predictions for the
quantum properties of mixed systems rely on the sharp separability of phase
space - an unusual property met by mushroom billiards. We however find
deviations which are ascribed to the presence of dynamic tunneling.Comment: 4 pages, 7 .eps-figure
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