Labour Market Participation of Non-Germans in the Health Sector in Germany: Study within the European Migration Network "Managed Migration and the Labour Market - The Health Sector"

Das Working Paper 6 stellt neben der wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung des Gesundheitssektors die rechtlichen Grundlagen für die Zuwanderung von Arbeitskräften im Gesundheitssektor dar und präsentiert für die einzelnen Berufsgruppen und Herkunftsländer detaillierte Daten zur Beschäftigung. Das Working Paper gibt zunächst einen Überblick über den Gesundheitssektor, um ihn in seiner wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung einordnen zu können. Anschließend wird erläutert, welche rechtlichen Grundlagen für die Erwerbstätigkeit von Ausländern gelten und welche speziellen berufsrechtlichen Voraussetzungen bei Gesundheitsdienstberufen erfüllt werden müssen. Es folgt eine Darstellung der Beschäftigungssituation auf der Basis der Statistiken der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte) und der Bundesärztekammer, der Bundeszahnärztekammer sowie der Bundesvereinigung deutscher Apothekerverbände. Die Datenanalyse umfasst den Zeitraum von 1999 bis 2005 und ermöglicht es somit, die Entwicklung der Zahl der beschäftigten Ausländer in einzelnen Berufsgruppen und aus einzelnen Herkunftsländern herauszustellen.In addition to the economic significance of the healthcare sector, the Small-scale Study II presents the legal basis for the immigration of workers in the healthcare sector and offers detailed data on employment for the individual professional groups and countries of origin. The study starts by providing an overview of the healthcare sector in order to be able to categorise its economic significance. The legal foundations which apply to gainful employment of foreigners are then explained, together with the specific vocational preconditions which must be met in the healthcare professions. This is followed by a portrayal of the employment situation on the basis of the statistics of the Federal Employment Agency (employment subject to obligatory social insurance) and of the German Medical Association, of the German Dental Association, as well as of the National Union of German Pharmacists’ Associations. The data analysis encompasses the period from 1999 to 2005, and hence makes it possible to emphasise the development of the number of employed foreigners in individual vocational groups and from individual countries of origin

Modelling the Influence of Different Soot Types on the Radio-Frequency-Based Load Detection of Gasoline Particulate Filters

Gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) are an appropriate means to meet today’s emission standards. As for diesel applications, GPFs can be monitored via differential pressure sensors or using a radio-frequency approach (RF sensor). Due to largely differing soot properties and engine operating modes of gasoline compared to diesel engines (e.g., the possibility of incomplete regenerations), the behavior of both sensor systems must be investigated in detail. For this purpose, extensive measurements on engine test benches are usually required. To simplify the sensor development, a simulation model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics® that not only allowed for calculating the loading and regeneration process of GPFs under different engine operating conditions but also determined the impact on both sensor systems. To simulate the regeneration behavior of gasoline soot accurately, an oxidation model was developed. To identify the influence of different engine operating points on the sensor behavior, various samples generated at an engine test bench were examined regarding their kinetic parameters using thermogravimetric analysis. Thus, this compared the accuracy of soot mass determination using the RF sensor with the differential pressure method. By simulating a typical driving condition with incomplete regenerations, the effects of the soot kinetics on sensor accuracy was demonstrated exemplarily. Thereby, the RF sensor showed an overall smaller mass determination error, as well as a lower dependence on the soot kinetics

Automatic Verification of Application-Tailored OSEK Kernels

The OSEK industrial standard governs the design of embedded real-time operating systems in the automotive domain. We report on efforts to develop verification methods for OSEK-conformant compilers, specifically of a code generator that weaves system calls and application code using a static configuration file, producing a stand-alone application that incorporates the relevant parts of the kernel. Our methodology involves two verification steps: On the one hand, we extract an OS-application interaction graph during the compilation phase and verify that it conforms to the standard, in particular regarding prioritized scheduling and interrupt handling. To this end, we generate from the configuration file a temporal specification of standard-conformant behaviour and model check the arising formulas on a labelled transition system extracted from the interaction graph. On the other hand, we verify that the actual generated code conforms to the interaction graph; this is done by graph isomorphism checking of the interaction graph against a dynamically-explored state-transition graph of the generated system

HOW TO MODEL SERVICE PRODUCTIVITY FOR DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS? A META-DESIGN APPROACH

The rise of the service economy is increasingly reflected in the IS discipline. Since services depend on a co-creation of value between service providers and customers, productivity measurement needs to account for both points of view. Contrasting this evolution, current productivity management concepts often remain limited to the firm instead of focusing on dyadic relationships. Also, software tools frequently constitute expert systems that are focused on solving an optimization problem based on a linear program, but do not guide users in setting up a suitable productivity model in the first place. To account for this need, we conceptualize a software tool support for setting up productivity models for services. Our concept encompasses an extended Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach as its analytical core, but in addition features various tools that help users to collaboratively define a productivity measurement model. Since the suitability of such a model is contingent on the environment in which it is applied, the proposed concept constitutes a meta-design that is intended to be applicable to a class of productivity management problems. As an outlook we present ideas for further research focusing on the implementation and evaluation of IT artefacts compliant with the proposed meta-design

Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung von Ausländern im Gesundheitssektor in Deutschland: Studie im rahmen des europäischen Migrationsnetzwerkes "Managed Migration and the Labour Market - The Health Sector"

Das Working Paper 6 stellt neben der wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung des Gesundheitssektors die rechtlichen Grundlagen für die Zuwanderung von Arbeitskräften im Gesundheitssektor dar und präsentiert für die einzelnen Berufsgruppen und Herkunftsländer detaillierte Daten zur Beschäftigung. Das Working Paper gibt zunächst einen Überblick über den Gesundheitssektor, um ihn in seiner wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung einordnen zu können. Anschließend wird erläutert, welche rechtlichen Grundlagen für die Erwerbstätigkeit von Ausländern gelten und welche speziellen berufsrechtlichen Voraussetzungen bei Gesundheitsdienstberufen erfüllt werden müssen. Es folgt eine Darstellung der Beschäftigungssituation auf der Basis der Statistiken der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte) und der Bundesärztekammer, der Bundeszahnärztekammer sowie der Bundesvereinigung deutscher Apothekerverbände. Die Datenanalyse umfasst den Zeitraum von 1999 bis 2005 und ermöglicht es somit, die Entwicklung der Zahl der beschäftigten Ausländer in einzelnen Berufsgruppen und aus einzelnen Herkunftsländern herauszustellen.In addition to the economic significance of the healthcare sector, the Small-scale Study II presents the legal basis for the immigration of workers in the healthcare sector and offers detailed data on employment for the individual professional groups and countries of origin. The study starts by providing an overview of the healthcare sector in order to be able to categorise its economic significance. The legal foundations which apply to gainful employment of foreigners are then explained, together with the specific vocational preconditions which must be met in the healthcare professions. This is followed by a portrayal of the employment situation on the basis of the statistics of the Federal Employment Agency (employment subject to obligatory social insurance) and of the German Medical Association, of the German Dental Association, as well as of the National Union of German Pharmacists’ Associations. The data analysis encompasses the period from 1999 to 2005, and hence makes it possible to emphasise the development of the number of employed foreigners in individual vocational groups and from individual countries of origin

Transfer of adapted water supply technologies through a demonstration and teaching facility

Water scarcity can be defined as a lack of sufficient water resources or as the limited or even missing access to a safe water supply. Latter can be classified as ‘economic water scarcity’ which among others can commonly be met in tropical and subtropical karst regions of emerging and developing countries. Karst aquifers, mostly consisting of limestone and carbonate rock, show high infiltration rates which leads to a lack of above ground storage possibilities. Thus, the water will drain rapidly into the underground and evolve vast river networks. Considering the lack of appropriate infrastructure and limited human capacities in the affected areas, these underground water resources cannot be exploited adequately. Against this, background innovative and adapted technologies are required to utilize hard-to-access water resources in a sustainable way. In this context, the German–Indonesian joint R&D project ‘‘Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Indonesia’’ dealt with the development of highly adaptable water technologies and management strategies. Under the aegis of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), these innovative technical concepts were exemplarily implemented to remedy this deficiency in the model region Gunung Sewu, a karst area situated on the southern coast of Java Island, Indonesia. The experiences gained through the interdisciplinary joint R&D activities clearly showed that even in the case of availability of appropriate technologies, a comprising transfer of knowhow and the buildup of capabilities (Capacity Development) is inevitable to sustainably implement and disseminate new methods. In this context, an adapted water supply facility was developed by KIT which hereafter shall serve for demonstration, teaching, and research purposes. The plant’s functionality, its teaching and research concept, as well as the design process, which was accomplished in collaboration with the University Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is the content of this present paper

Literatur-Rundschau

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Mentalizing partially mediates the association between attachment insecurity and global stress in preservice teachers

ObjectiveConsidering the fact that the teaching profession is a highly stressful occupation and that teachers’ ineffective coping strategies contribute to higher levels of stress, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether insecure attachment is related to global stress experiences in preservice student teachers. Furthermore, it was examined whether this link is mediated by the preservice teachers’ mentalizing—the capacity to perceive and consider one’s own and others’ behavior based on intentional mental states.MethodsData of this cross-sectional study came from 202 preservice student teachers using self-report instruments (attachment: Expectation in Close Relationships; mentalizing: Reflective Functioning Questionnaire; stress: Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress). The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling.ResultsAnxious attachment was positively related to stress and impairments in mentalizing. In addition, the link between attachment-related anxiety and stress was partially mediated by mentalizing. Avoidant attachment was not associated with stress or mentalizing.DiscussionResults indicate that anxious attachment is associated with higher perceived stress in preservice student teachers. Consequently, attachment-related anxiety may be a risk factor which, in turn, may foster perceptions of higher global stress experiences.ConclusionAdditional research needs to focus on exploring the link between attachment insecurity and global stress experiences among preservice student teachers. An examination of preservice student teachers’ own attachment experiences proves to be useful, for example in the context of mentalization-based supervision or reflective practice