The Edinburgh Goldsmiths II: Biographical Information for Freemen, Apprentices and Journeymen

This book provides biographical information on the goldsmiths of Edinburgh emphasizing those connected to the Incorporation of Goldsmiths for the City of Edinburgh. It is novel in that the scope of the book extends beyond the freeman goldsmiths to include family information on centuries of apprentices and journeymen who entered training as goldsmiths in Edinburgh. Information is provided on parents, siblings, spouses and children when possible as well as details of the training and careers of the goldsmiths. The book is being published in a series of parts (individual files) that are alphabetical by surname. Part 1 contains an introduction and the letters A-C with approximately 318 biographical entries

Environmental risk factors for autism

Autism is a devastating childhood condition that has emerged as an increasing social concern just as it has increased in prevalence in recent decades. Autism and the broader category of autism spectrum disorders are among the increasingly seen examples in which there is a fetal basis for later disease or disorder. Environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors all play a role in determining the risk of autism and some of these effects appear to be transgenerational. Identification of the most critical windows of developmental vulnerability is paramount to understanding when and under what circumstances a child is at elevated risk for autism. No single environmental factor explains the increased prevalence of autism. While a handful of environmental risk factors have been suggested based on data from human studies and animal research, it is clear that many more, and perhaps the most significant risk factors, remain to be identified. The most promising risk factors identified to date fall within the categories of drugs, environmental chemicals, infectious agents, dietary factors, and other physical/psychological stressors. However, the rate at which environmental risk factors for autism have been identified via research and safety testing has not kept pace with the emerging health threat posed by this condition. For the way forward, it seems clear that additional focused research is needed. But more importantly, successful risk reduction strategies for autism will require more extensive and relevant developmental safety testing of drugs and chemicals

Compendium of Scottish Silver Volume 1

A print on demand of these books and articles can be obtained from Cornell Business Services (CBS) Digital Services by sending e-mail to [email protected] or calling 607.255.2524. In the body of the message include the identifier.uri for the book or article, and ask to be contacted regarding payment.The Compendium of Scottish Silver is a comparatively comprehensive catalog of antique as well as some modern Scottish silver and gold made between 1320ca and 2004 that has appeared in public and private collections, auction sales and antique shops during the past 50-100 years. It represents an attempt to provide a representative view of Scottish silver production over the centuries as reflected in extant examples. Additionally, the catalog is useful in evaluating the relative rarity of various forms (e.g. Scottish cake baskets or dish crosses) as well as the primary craftsmen producing specific forms (e.g. egg-shaped teapots, dolphin-handled creamboats). The catalog contains over 5,100 listings arranged alphabetically by item (e.g. bowls, candlesticks, flatware, etc.) and presented among items, chronologically. Volume 1 contains the alphabetical listings from Baskets-Ink Pots as well as a Guide, a Listing of First Appearances and a Glossary of the terms use in describing the silver as well as its production and decoration. Photographic examples for most categories are also included before each set of listings. Note that Volume 2 is a continuation of the alphabetical categories beginning with "M". The book should be a helpful resource for collectors, museums, antique dealers, auction houses, as well as historians, genealogists and other researchers

Compendium of Scottish Silver Volume 2

A print on demand of these books and articles can be obtained from Cornell Business Services (CBS) Digital Services by sending e-mail to [email protected] or calling 607.255.2524. In the body of the message include the identifier.uri for the book or article, and ask to be contacted regarding payment.The Compendium of Scottish Silver is a comparatively comprehensive catalog of antique, as well as some modern, Scottish silver and gold made between 1320ca and 2004 that has appeared in public and private collections, auction sales and antique shops during the past 50-100 years. It represents an attempt to provide a representative view of Scottish silver production over the centuries as reflected in extant examples. Additionally, the catalog is useful in evaluating the relative rarity of various forms (e.g. Scottish cake baskets or dish crosses) as well as the primary craftsmen producing specific forms (e.g. egg-shaped teapots, dolphin-handled creamboats). The catalog contains over 5,100 listings arranged alphabetically by item (e.g. bowls, candlesticks, flatware, etc.) and presented among items, chronologically. Volume 2 is a continuation from Volume 1. This volume contains the second half of the alphabetical listings from Miscellaneous-Wine as well as a Guide, a Listing of First Appearances and a Glossary of the terms use in describing the silver as well as its production and decoration. Photographic examples for most categories are also included before each set of listings. The book should be a helpful resource for collectors, museums, antique dealers, auction houses, as well as historians, genealogists and other researchers

Using Microbiome-Based Approaches to Deprogram Chronic Disorders and Extend the Healthspan following Adverse Childhood Experiences

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which can include child trafficking, are known to program children for disrupted biological cycles, premature aging, microbiome dysbiosis, immune-inflammatory misregulation, and chronic disease multimorbidity. To date, the microbiome has not been a major focus of deprogramming efforts despite its emerging role in every aspect of ACE-related dysbiosis and dysfunction. This article examines: (1) the utility of incorporating microorganism-based, anti-aging approaches to combat ACE-programmed chronic diseases (also known as noncommunicable diseases and conditions, NCDs) and (2) microbiome regulation of core systems biology cycles that affect NCD comorbid risk. In this review, microbiota influence over three key cyclic rhythms (circadian cycles, the sleep cycle, and the lifespan/longevity cycle) as well as tissue inflammation and oxidative stress are discussed as an opportunity to deprogram ACE-driven chronic disorders. Microbiota, particularly those in the gut, have been shown to affect host–microbe interactions regulating the circadian clock, sleep quality, as well as immune function/senescence, and regulation of tissue inflammation. The microimmunosome is one of several systems biology targets of gut microbiota regulation. Furthermore, correcting misregulated inflammation and increased oxidative stress is key to protecting telomere length and lifespan/longevity and extending what has become known as the healthspan. This review article concludes that to reverse the tragedy of ACE-programmed NCDs and premature aging, managing the human holobiont microbiome should become a routine part of healthcare and preventative medicine across the life course

The Microbiome and Sustainable Healthcare

Increasing prevalences, morbidity, premature mortality and medical needs associated with non-communicable diseases and conditions (NCDs) have reached epidemic proportions and placed a major drain on healthcare systems and global economies. Added to this are the challenges presented by overuse of antibiotics and increased antibiotic resistance. Solutions are needed that can address the challenges of NCDs and increasing antibiotic resistance, maximize preventative measures, and balance healthcare needs with available services and economic realities. Microbiome management including microbiota seeding, feeding, and rebiosis appears likely to be a core component of a path toward sustainable healthcare. Recent findings indicate that: (1) humans are mostly microbial (in terms of numbers of cells and genes); (2) immune dysfunction and misregulated inflammation are pivotal in the majority of NCDs; (3) microbiome status affects early immune education and risk of NCDs, and (4) microbiome status affects the risk of certain infections. Management of the microbiome to reduce later-life health risk and/or to treat emerging NCDs, to spare antibiotic use and to reduce the risk of recurrent infections may provide a more effective healthcare strategy across the life course particularly when a personalized medicine approach is considered. This review will examine the potential for microbiome management to contribute to sustainable healthcare

The Human Superorganism: Using Microbes for Freedom vs. Fear

Balanced fear supports human rational decision-making and useful behavioral responses. In contrast, overwhelming, persistent, and unbalanced fear can paralyze the individual and result in heightened anxiety, lack of cognitive flexibility, fear-based public compliance and serious mental health issues. Psychobiotics research has established that a healthy microbiome is required for balanced fear and mental health protection via control of fear extinction. The recent COVID-19 pandemic featured daily, persistent, fear-of-a-single-contagion conditioning on a global scale paired with various behavioral mandates (e.g., lockdowns of the healthy, required wearing of face masks in many locations including schools, isolation from environmental microbes and each other through the closure of beaches and parks, and restrictions on social gatherings including access to family members in hospitals and senior-assisted facilities). Such mandates degraded the human microbiome and isolated us from each other and useful environmental microbes. It also ignored the historic role of secondary bacterial pathogens in pandemic deaths. This narrative review examines how the institutional promotion of fear-of-a-single-contagion, lack of balanced risk communication, and appalling disregard of our fundamental nature (as majority-microbial human superorganisms) resulted in problems rather than solutions. This review illustrates that government-public health-media promotion of pervasive fear and microbiome-degrading behaviors: (1) increased public compliance, (2) reduced cognitive flexibility, and (3) increased risk of mental health conditions. However, a portion of the general public chose a healthier path through their increased consumption of microbiome- and immune-supportive supplements and fermented foods during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. For a healthier future, public health must follow the lead of this population to ensure that human freedom, rather than paralyzing fear, dominates our future

Energy Medicine and the Path to Globally-Sustainable Health

This paper provides key points regarding the significance of energy medicine, a category of complementary and alternative medicine, to a global healthcare approach that is accessible, inclusive, individually-tailored, holistic, and sustainable. The ongoing epidemic of chronic diseases has stretched healthcare systems beyond their capacities, revealed fundamental inadequacies (e.g., to provide equitable access, holistically-driven health and well-being, and a life-course approach to quality of life), and shown that the current approach is unsustainable. Energy Medicine facilitates a way forward for an integrative and sustainable global health approach that redirects care toward greater order vs. disorder and ease vs. dis-ease for individuals and communities

Environmental risk factors for autism

Autism is a devastating childhood condition that has emerged as an increasing social concern just as it has increased in prevalence in recent decades. Autism and the broader category of autism spectrum disorders are among the increasingly seen examples in which there is a fetal basis for later disease or disorder. Environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors all play a role in determining the risk of autism and some of these effects appear to be transgenerational. Identification of the most critical windows of developmental vulnerability is paramount to understanding when and under what circumstances a child is at elevated risk for autism. No single environmental factor explains the increased prevalence of autism. While a handful of environmental risk factors have been suggested based on data from human studies and animal research, it is clear that many more, and perhaps the most significant risk factors, remain to be identified. The most promising risk factors identified to date fall within the categories of drugs, environmental chemicals, infectious agents, dietary factors, and other physical/psychological stressors. However, the rate at which environmental risk factors for autism have been identified via research and safety testing has not kept pace with the emerging health threat posed by this condition. For the way forward, it seems clear that additional focused research is needed. But more importantly, successful risk reduction strategies for autism will require more extensive and relevant developmental safety testing of drugs and chemicals