4,244 research outputs found
Fahrtbericht der makrobenthologischen Arbeitsgruppe wÀhrend der EPOS-II (SEAS) Expedition zum nördlichen Barentsmeer-Shelf
Levels of trace metals and effect of body size on metal content and concentration in Arctica islandica L. (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Kiel Bay, Western Baltic
The levels of four trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the whole soft body and in different organs of the ocean quahog Arctica islandica were evaluated from four stations in Kiel Bay, Western Baltic. The relationships between the contents and concentrations of these metals and body size (weight and length) were also investigated. Double logarithmic plots of metal contents and concentrations against dry body weight and shell length, respectively, show straight-line relationships. The results indicate that smaller individuals have higher concentrations of Cu and Zn, two essential metals, while larger individuals have higher concentrations of Cd and Pb, two non-essential metals. The calculated regression slopes of metal content against dry-body weight revealed that Cd and Cu appear to be affected by maturation since two different slopes are observed for both metals before and after maturation. This was not obvious for Pb and Zn. Pooled slopes of metal content against dry-body weight for all animal sizes indicated that Cu and Zn have a one common slope of (0.82) and Cd and Pb another common one of (1.51). Plots of metal concentrations against shell length indicated also that Cu and Zn have one common slope of (â0.54) and Cd and Pb another one of (1.56). Moreover, it was possible to calculate one final slope of (1.53) for Cd and Pb from both content/weight and concentration/length plots. This indicates that A. islandica may have one metabolic strategy for the essential metals and another for the non-essential metals
Viscosity of an ideal relativistic quantum fluid: A perturbative study
We show that a quantized ideal fluid will generally exhibit a small but
non-zero viscosity due to the backreaction of quantum soundwaves on the
background. We use an effective field theory expansion to estimate this
viscosity to first order in perturbation theory. We discuss our results, and
whether this estimate can be used to obtain a more model-independent estimate
of the "quantum bound" on the viscosity of physical systemsComment: Accepted for publication, Phys.Rev.D. Discussion slightly clarified
and extended, references added, error in calculation fixed. COnclusions
unchange
Phenomenological Modeling of Photoemission Spectra in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
A phenomenological approach is presented that allows one to model, and
thereby interpret, photoemission spectra of strongly correlated electron
systems. A simple analytical formula for the self-energy is proposed. This
self-energy describes both coherent and incoherent parts of the spectrum
(quasiparticle and Hubbard peaks, respectively). Free parameters in the
expression are determined by fitting the density of states to experimental
photoemission data. An explicit fitting is presented for the
LaSrTiO system with . In general, our
phenomenological approach provides information on the effective mass, the
Hubbard interaction, and the spectral weight distribution in different parts of
the spectrum. Limitations of this approach are also discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, IJMPB style (included
The two-angle model and the phase diagram for Chromatin
We have studied the phase diagram for chromatin within the framework of the
two-angle model. Rather than improving existing models with finer details our
main focus of the work is getting mathematically rigorous results on the
structure, especially on the excluded volume effects and the effects on the
energy due to the long-range forces and their screening. Thus we present a
phase diagram for the allowed conformations and the Coulomb energies
Speedup of quantum state transfer by three- qubit interactions: Implementation by nuclear magnetic resonance
Universal quantum information processing requires single-qubit rotations and
two-qubit interactions as minimal resources. A possible step beyond this
minimal scheme is the use of three-qubit interactions. We consider such
three-qubit interactions and show how they can reduce the time required for a
quantum state transfer in an XY spin chain. For the experimental
implementation, we use liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), where
three-qubit interactions can be implemented by sequences of radio-frequency
pulses.Comment: Comments are welcome to [email protected] or
[email protected]. More experimental results are adde
Anderson localization vs. Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator transition in disordered, interacting lattice fermion systems
We review recent progress in our theoretical understanding of strongly
correlated fermion systems in the presence of disorder. Results were obtained
by the application of a powerful nonperturbative approach, the Dynamical
Mean-Field Theory (DMFT), to interacting disordered lattice fermions. In
particular, we demonstrate that DMFT combined with geometric averaging over
disorder can capture Anderson localization and Mott insulating phases on the
level of one-particle correlation functions. Results are presented for the
ground-state phase diagram of the Anderson-Hubbard model at half filling, both
in the paramagnetic phase and in the presence of antiferromagnetic order. We
find a new antiferromagnetic metal which is stabilized by disorder. Possible
realizations of these quantum phases with ultracold fermions in optical
lattices are discussed.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures, typos corrected, references update
Factorizing Numbers with the Gauss Sum Technique: NMR Implementations
Several physics-based algorithms for factorizing large number were recently
published. A notable recent one by Schleich et al. uses Gauss sums for
distinguishing between factors and non-factors. We demonstrate two NMR
techniques that evaluate Gauss sums and thus implement their algorithm. The
first one is based on differential excitation of a single spin magnetization by
a cascade of RF pulses. The second method is based on spatial averaging and
selective refocusing of magnetization for Gauss sums corresponding to factors.
All factors of 16637 and 52882363 are successfully obtained.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; Abstract and Conclusion are slightly modified.
References added and formatted with Bibte
Metalloporphyrins inactivate caspase-3 and -8
Activation of caspases represents one of the earliest biochemical indicators for apoptotic cell death. Therefore, measurement of caspase activity is a widely used and generally accepted method to determine apoptosis in a wide range of in vivo and in vitro settings. Numerous publications characterize the role of the heme-catabolizing enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in regulating apoptotic processes. Different metalloporphyrins representing inducers and inhibitors of this enzyme are often used, followed by assessment of apoptotic cell death. In the present work, we found that caspase-3-like activity, as well as activity of caspase-8 measured in either Fas (CD95) ligand-treated Jurkat T-lymphocytes or by the use of recombinant caspase-3 or -8, was inhibited by different metalloporphyrins (cobalt(III) protoporphyrin IX, tin and zinc II) protoporphyrin-IX). Moreover, employing the mouse model of Fas-induced liver apoptosis these properties of porphyrins could also be demonstrated in vivo. The metalloporphyrins were shown to inhibit caspase-3-mediated PARP cleavage. Molecular modeling studies demonstrated that porphyrins can occupy the active site of caspase-3 in an energetically favorable manner and in a binding mode similar to that of known inhibitors. The data shown here introduce metalloporphyrins as direct inhibitors of caspase activity. This finding points to the need for careful employment of metalloporphyrins as modulators of HO-1
Quantification of complementarity in multi-qubit systems
Complementarity was originally introduced as a qualitative concept for the
discussion of properties of quantum mechanical objects that are classically
incompatible. More recently, complementarity has become a \emph{quantitative}
relation between classically incompatible properties, such as visibility of
interference fringes and "which-way" information, but also between purely
quantum mechanical properties, such as measures of entanglement. We discuss
different complementarity relations for systems of 2-, 3-, or \textit{n}
qubits. Using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, we have experimentally
verified some of these complementarity relations in a two-qubit system.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures (A display error about the figures in the
previous version
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