1,054 research outputs found
Distortions in a multi-level co-financing system: the case of the agri-environmental programme of Saxony-Anhalt
In this paper we analyse the impact of the EU multi-level cofinancing system on regional policy-making and priority setting taking the case of the agri-environmental programme of Saxony-Anhalt. The implications of several co-financing scenarios are analysed and compared to respective lump-sum transfers using an interactive linear programming approach. The results reveal how regional choices on agri-environmental measures are influenced by the co-financing system leading to distortions. The extent of these distortions depends on the specific regional preferences and restrictions.agri-environmental programmes, co-financing, federalism, interactive programming, policy-making, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy,
Distortions in a Multi-Level Co-Financing System: The Case of the Agri-Environmental Program of Saxony-Anhalt
In this paper we analyze the impact of the EU multi-level co-financing system on regional policy-making and priority setting taking the case of the agri-environmental program of Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. The implications of several co-financing scenarios are analyzed and compared to respective lump-sum transfers using an interactive linear programming approach. The results reveal that regional choices on agri-environmental measures are strongly influenced by the co-financing system leading to distortions. The extent of these distortions depends on the specific regional preferences and restrictions to be considered in the policy-making process.Agri-environmental programs, co-financing, federalism, interactive programming, policy-making, Environmental Economics and Policy, Financial Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, C61, H72, Q18,
Structure of Polymer Brushes in Cylindrical Tubes: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Molecular Dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained bead-spring model of
flexible macromolecules tethered with one end to the surface of a cylindrical
pore are presented. Chain length and grafting density are varied
over a wide range and the crossover from ``mushroom'' to ``brush'' behavior is
studied for three pore diameters. The monomer density profile and the
distribution of the free chain ends are computed and compared to the
corresponding model of polymer brushes at flat substrates. It is found that
there exists a regime of and for large enough pore diameter where
the brush height in the pore exceeds the brush height on the flat substrate,
while for large enough and (and small enough pore diameters) the
opposite behavior occurs, i.e. the brush is compressed by confinement. These
findings are used to discuss the corresponding theories on polymer brushes at
concave substrates.Comment: 11 figure
Programming rural development funds â An interactive linear programming approach applied to the EAFRD program in Saxony-Anhalt
Policies for rural areas have become an important but complex policy field in the European Union`s Common Agricultural Policy. The purpose of this paper is to report on a methodological approach pursued to model the allocation of EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development) funds in Saxony-Anhalt. We show how an interactive programming approach can be developed and used to support our partner Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment. So far, various key elements of the modeling approach have been specified: the definition of all relevant policy measures and funding options, the assessment of impacts on the regional objectives pursued, the definition of relevant lower and upper bounds, and the formulation of co-financing requirements and possibilities. Some first results reveal potentials for policy adjustment. After some more refinements and specifications, the model is to be used interactively with Ministry representatives for scenario calculations to support policy-making and strategy development for rural development in Saxony-Anhalt.rural development, interactive programming, EAFRD, multi-level co-financing, Saxony-Anhalt, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Public Economics,
Einnahmen- und Ausgabeneffekte der Hauptstadtfunktion fĂŒr Berlin: Endbericht ; Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag der Senatsverwaltung fĂŒr Finanzen, Berlin
Hauptstadtrolle Berlins: wirtschaftlich ein Gewinn, fiskalisch ein Verlust
Berlin hat durch die Ăbernahme der Hauptstadtfunktion spĂŒrbare wirtschaftliche Impulse erhalten. Sie ergeben sich ausder PrĂ€senz und der laufenden Arbeit der hauptstadtbezogenen Bundeseinrichtungen sowie aus der in ihrem Umfeld angesiedelten Botschaften, Interessenvertretungen und MedienbĂŒros. DarĂŒber hinaus ist Berlin durch seine neue Rolleattraktiver fĂŒr Besucher und Investoren geworden. Die insgesamt daraus resultierenden Effekte fĂŒr die Wirtschaft Berlinssind fĂŒr sich genommen zwar betrĂ€chtlich (Bruttowertschöpfung: +2,4 %, Zahl der ArbeitsplĂ€tze: +34 000); dies Ă€ndert allerdings nichts an dem immer noch groĂen wirtschaftlichen RĂŒckstand Berlins gegenĂŒber anderen deutschen Metropolen. In fiskalischer Hinsicht ist die Hauptstadtrolle fĂŒr Berlin eher ein "VerlustgeschĂ€ft". Nach BerĂŒcksichtigung der Umverteilungen im LĂ€nderfinanzausgleich und der Kosten im Zusammenhang mit den hauptstadtbedingten Einwohnerzuwanderungen verbleiben Berlin jĂ€hrliche Mehreinnahmen von lediglich 15 Mill. Euro. Dem stehen aber betrĂ€chtliche hauptstadtbedingte Aufwendungen - z. B. im Bereich der öffentlichen Sicherheit - gegenĂŒber, die bisher nur teilweise durch Zahlungen des Bundes ausgeglichen werden.
Using a dual plasma process to produce cobalt--polypyrrole catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells -- part II: analysing the chemical structure of the films
The chemical structure of cobalt--polypyrrole -- produced by a dual plasma
process -- is analysed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near
edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS), X-ray diffraction (XRD),
energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) and extended x-ray absorption
spectroscopy (EXAFS).It is shown that only nanoparticles of a size of 3\,nm
with the low temperature crystal structure of cobalt are present within the
compound. Besides that, cobalt--nitrogen and carbon--oxygen structures are
observed. Furthermore, more and more cobalt--nitrogen structures are produced
when increasing the magnetron power. Linking the information on the chemical
structure to the results about the catalytic activity of the films -- which are
presented in part I of this contribution -- it is concluded that the
cobalt--nitrogen structures are the probable catalytically active sites. The
cobalt--nitrogen bond length is calculated as 2.09\,\AA\ and the
carbon--nitrogen bond length as 1.38\,\AA
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