Bericht über das 38. Kriminologische Kolloquium der südwestdeutschen und schweizerischen Kriminologischen Institute

Das 38. Kolloquium der südwestdeutschen und schweizerischen Kriminologischen Institute wurde vom Institut für Kriminologie der Universität Heidelberg ausgerichtet. Es wurden acht Forschungsprojekte des Heidelberger Instituts vorgestellt: •Der Beitrag der Biowissenschaften zu Kriminalitätserklärungen •Reaktion und Kooperation von Polizei, Staatsanwaltschaft und Jugendamt bei Kinderdelinquenz •Der Einfluss der Fallbelastung auf die Erledigungspraxis an Landgerichten •Normativ-dogmatische Problemen der spezialpräventiven Strafzumessung nach dem StGB •Metaanalyse empirischer Abschreckungsstudien •Das Projekt Chance - eine neue Form des Strafvollzugs an jungen Gefangenen in Baden-Württemberg •Der Gefahrenbegriff im Strafvollzugsgesetz - eine Analyse anhand von Literatur, Rechtsprechung und Praxis der Vollzugsverwaltung •Kriminologische Aspekte im Werk von Alfred Adler

Adenosine and its role in cardioplegia : experimental evaluation in the isolated rat heart and in an-vivo primate model

This study was designed to investigate the role of adenosine, an endogenous cardioprotectant agent, without high potassium and as cardioplegic additive to high potassium solutions. Adenosine cardioplegia and potassium cardioplegia supplemented by adenosine (K + ADO) were investigated in terms of hemodynamic, metabolic and ultrastructural recovery in the isolated rat heart and in the in-vivo baboon model during periods of global myocardial ischemia, simulating the clinical situation during open heart surgery. The results obtained in both models show that adenosine improved postischemic hemodynamic function when used without high potassium cardioplegia. The combination of adenosine and high potassium was less effective in both models in terms of hemodynamic recovery; however, improved rhythm stability and coronary vasodilatation were still present. In addition adenosine alone was able to induce fast electromechanical arrest in the isolated rat heart. However, failure of even high concentrations of adenosine to limit ventricular fibrillation in the baboon exclude its use as cardioplegic agent on its own without additional interventions. It appears likely that adenosine without high potassium is cardioprotective via activation of A₁ receptors and opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, a mechanism which is probably non-functional in a high potassium environment. In view of the limited cardioprotection achieved with the combination of adenosine and high potassium further studies should aim for additional interventions to induce cardioplegia with adenosine and normokalemic solutions

Space-Time Supersymmetry, IIA/B Duality and M-Theory

The connection between IIA superstring theory compactified on a circle of radius R and IIB theory compactified on a circle of radius 1/R is reexamined from the perspective of N=2, D=9 space-time supersymmetry. We argue that the consistency of IIA/B duality requires the BPS states corresponding to momentum and winding of either of the type-II superstrings to transform as inequivalent supermultiplets. We show that this is indeed the case for any finite compactification radius, thus providing a nontrivial confirmation of IIA/B duality. From the point of view of N=2, D=9 supergravity, one is naturally led to an SL(2,Z) invariant field theory that encompasses both the M-theory torus and the Kaluza-Klein states of the IIB theory.Comment: LaTeX, 14 pages; v2:one reference added and extended discussion of the BPS mass formula; v3: minor changes, to appear in PL

Inside and Outside Perspectives on the Relation of People’s Personal Values and Their Acceptance of Legal Norms

Based on a representative survey on crime prevention, this paper studies how personal values are related to persons’ acceptance of legal norms (LNA). We here take a closer look at these relations than previous research. Offenses, in particular, are classified into different offense types, and the persons’ ratings are studied both as observed and as individually centered data. It is found that conservation-oriented persons give higher and less differentiated badness ratings to all offenses than persons striving for hedonism and stimulation. The correlational structure of basic personal values and norm acceptance ratings for 14 different offenses, when represented via multidimensional scaling, exhibits that conservation orientation becomes a better predictor of LNA of all offense types if it is augmented by an additional value, peace of mind. When looking at centered ratings (i.e., controlling for each person’s mean ratings), social values become the best predictors of offenses such as tax evasion, benefits fraud, or taking bribes. Statements on the impact of personal values on general norm acceptance should, therefore, be replaced with more differentiated relations on how particular values are related to people’s attitudes towards particular offenses

The Economics of Consumer Protection in Developing Countries' Food Economy: The Case of Diarrhea Prevention and Treatment in Rwanda

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy,

The Economics of Alternative Strategies for the Reduction of Food-borne Diseases in Developing Countries: The Case of Diarrhea in Rwanda

The paper provides a methodology which is suitable for the analysis of the social cost of disease and the benefits and cost of health intervention by integrating public health analysis and economics. The approach developed in the paper is applied to food-borne diarrhea in Rwanda. The results suggest that simple treatments such as Oral Rehydration Therapy have a higher social rate of return than consumer protection via education.public health, consumer protection, social cost, economics of food-borne diseases, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy, I12, I18, Q12,

GOING EAST: EU ENLARGEMENT TO CENTRAL EUROPE, AND THE AGENDA 2000

International Relations/Trade,

Utilizing personal values to explain people's attitudes towards legal norms

The aim of this study is to clarify whether personal values explain delinquents’ and non-delinquents’ general attitudes towards legal norms. We expect that 10 basic personal values form a circular scale common to all individuals, both delinquents and non-delinquents, that people’s ratings of the importance of these 10 values predict their norm acceptance in a sinusoidal way, with higher predictability for delinquents, and that the correlations of personal values with norm acceptance are highest for those delinquents with a broad spectrum of offences. Finally, we expect that gender does not have an impact on these profiles, whereas controlling for age does. Our analyses are based on four studies on community crime prevention. The results are in line with the above expectations

Proteasome-mediated degradation antagonizes critical levels of the apoptosis-inducing C1D protein

The C1D gene is expressed in a broad spectrum of mammalian cells and tissues but its product induces apoptotic cell death when exceeding a critical level. Critical levels are achieved in a fraction of cells by transient transfection with EGFP-tagged C1D expression constructs. However, transfected cells expressing sub-critical levels of C1D(EGFP) escape apoptotic cell death by activation of a proteasome-mediated rescue mechanism. Inhibition of the proteasome-dependent degradation of the C1D(EGFP) protein results in a parallel increase of the intracellular C1D level and in the fraction of apoptotic cells

Experimental generation of pseudo bound entanglement

We use Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to experimentally generate a bound entangled (more precisely: pseudo bound entangled) state, i.e. a quantum state which is non-distillable but nevertheless entangled. Our quantum system consists of three qubits. We characterize the produced state via state tomography to show that the created state has a positive partial transposition with respect to any bipartite splitting, and we use a witness operator to prove its entanglement.Comment: 5 page