15 research outputs found
L'Auto-vélo : automobilisme, cyclisme, athlétisme, yachting, aérostation, escrime, hippisme / dir. Henri Desgranges
04 octobre 19271927/10/04 (A28,N9789)
Key regional statistics on terrestrial protected area (PA) coverage and percentage overlaps for national and/or international designations.
<p>Key regional statistics on terrestrial protected area (PA) coverage and percentage overlaps for national and/or international designations.</p
Key regional statistics on marine protected areas coverage and percentage overlaps for national and/or international designations.
<p>Key regional statistics on marine protected areas coverage and percentage overlaps for national and/or international designations.</p
Distribution of the terrestrial protected area network by number of designations.
<p>The gradation in colours reflects the increase in the number of overlaps, from one designation (no overlap) (blue) to eight designations (overlap) (red). This includes protected areas designated at the national, regional and international levels.</p
Overlapping protected area designations at Cap de Creus, Spain.
<p>Overlapping protected area designations at Cap de Creus, Spain.</p
Global terrestrial network: Percentage of overlap within and between national and international designation types.
<p>(WHS: World Heritage Site, MAB: UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve). The letter N is used as an abbreviation for national designation. In this table, regional designations are considered as national designations (see section methodology section in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0188681#pone.0188681.s002" target="_blank">S2 Appendix</a> for further details).</p
Distribution of the marine protected area network by number of designations.
<p>The graduation in colours reflects the increase in the number of overlaps, from one designation (no overlap) (blue) to eight designations (overlap) (red). This includes protected areas designated at the national, regional and international levels.</p
Assessing the Cost of Global Biodiversity and Conservation Knowledge
<div><p>Knowledge products comprise assessments of authoritative information supported by standards, governance, quality control, data, tools, and capacity building mechanisms. Considerable resources are dedicated to developing and maintaining knowledge products for biodiversity conservation, and they are widely used to inform policy and advise decision makers and practitioners. However, the financial cost of delivering this information is largely undocumented. We evaluated the costs and funding sources for developing and maintaining four global biodiversity and conservation knowledge products: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems, Protected Planet, and the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. These are secondary data sets, built on primary data collected by extensive networks of expert contributors worldwide. We estimate that US116–204 million), plus 293 person-years of volunteer time (range: 278–308 person-years) valued at US12–16 million), were invested in these four knowledge products between 1979 and 2013. More than half of this financing was provided through philanthropy, and nearly three-quarters was spent on personnel costs. The estimated annual cost of maintaining data and platforms for three of these knowledge products (excluding the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems for which annual costs were not possible to estimate for 2013) is US6.2–6.7 million). We estimated that an additional US12 million. These costs are much lower than those to maintain many other, similarly important, global knowledge products. Ensuring that biodiversity and conservation knowledge products are sufficiently up to date, comprehensive and accurate is fundamental to inform decision-making for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Thus, the development and implementation of plans for sustainable long-term financing for them is critical.</p></div
Summary of data collection for all four knowledge products.
<p>The table summarises which costs were collected for each of the four knowledge products and how much of the total number of assesments, available in December 2013, these represent. In cases where 100% of the costs were not collected, the total sum for each knowledge product was increased propotionally to reach 100%.</p
Categories, subcategories and funding sources classification used to categorise costs.
<p>Categories, subcategories and funding sources classification used to categorise costs.</p