Maternal and neonatal characteristics at birth in infants without overt neurological syndrome [healthy group (n = 72)], in infants with asphyxia complicated by hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy with no ominous outcome (HIE Group; n = 48)] and in newborns affected by PA and with ominous outcome (Ominous Outcome Group).

<p>Values are expressed as mean±SD.</p>*<p>P<0.05 vs controls.</p

Urine S100B concentrations (µg/L) expressed as median [lower and upper 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] at first urination (0), and at 24 (1), 48 (2) and 96 (3) hours in healthy Group (n = 72), in newborns affected by PA without overt neurologic syndrome (n = 48, HIE Group) and with ominous outcome (n = 12, Ominous Outcome Group).

<p>Urinary S100B levels were significantly higher in the neonatal death group at all monitoring time-points (p<0.001, for all).</p>*<p>p<0.001 vs controls</p

S100B levels in urine at first urination.

<p>S100B concentrations were significantly (p<0.001) higher in newborns who died within the first week of age (Ominous Outcome Group: black triangles) than in healthy controls (open circles), and in infants suffering PA without ominous outcome (HIE Group: open squares). ROC curve analysis shows that the S100B measurement as a diagnostic test has a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% at a cut-off of 1.0 µg/L (shown by the dotted line) with 100% positive predictive value and 100% negative predictive value. Horizontal bars indicate the median value for each group. *P<0.05 versus 24 h and <0.01 versus 96 h monitoring time-points.</p

Saliva levels of S100B in neonates with normal, BG/W score 1–2 and BG/W score 3–4.

<p>The box plots represent the medians and interquartile ranges for each group. ^*^*P<0.001 global BG/W vs severe BG/W injury; ^*P<0.001 vs normal MRI group.</p

Mean saliva S100B concentrations (µg/mL) expressed as MoM [lower and upper 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] at birth (T0) and at 4 (T1), 8 (T2), 12 (T3), 16 (T4), 20 (T5), 24 (T6), 48 (T7), 72 (T8) and 96 (T9) hours after birth in Reference Group (n = 244) and in asphyxiated full-term newborns with good (Group A) or severe (Group B) neurological outcome at 12-months follow-up.

<p>^*P<0.001 vs Healthy Group and asphyxiated full-term newborns with good neurological prognosis (Group A).^*P<0.001 vs Group B values at 48, 72 and, 96 hours</p><p>Salivary S100B concentrations were significantly higher in neonates belonging to Group B at all monitoring time-points (p<0.001, for all).</p><p>Statistical evaluation of differences among Groups at each time point was performed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn’s post test</p><p>Mean saliva S100B concentrations (µg/mL) expressed as MoM [lower and upper 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] at birth (T0) and at 4 (T1), 8 (T2), 12 (T3), 16 (T4), 20 (T5), 24 (T6), 48 (T7), 72 (T8) and 96 (T9) hours after birth in Reference Group (n = 244) and in asphyxiated full-term newborns with good (Group A) or severe (Group B) neurological outcome at 12-months follow-up.</p

Perinatal clinical characteristics and outcomes in asphyxiated newborns with normal (Group A) or abnormal (Group B) neurological outcome and in healthy subjects (Reference Group, R Group).

<p>Values are expressed as mean ± SD. n.p.: not performed.</p><p>^*P<0.01 vs controls.</p><p>Perinatal clinical characteristics and outcomes in asphyxiated newborns with normal (Group A) or abnormal (Group B) neurological outcome and in healthy subjects (Reference Group, R Group).</p

Laboratory parameters recorded at birth in asphyxiated newborns with normal (Group A) or abnormal (Group B) neurological outcome and in healthy subjects (Reference Group, R Group).

<p>Values are expressed as mean ± SD.</p><p>^*P<0.0001 vs controls.</p><p>Laboratory parameters recorded at birth in asphyxiated newborns with normal (Group A) or abnormal (Group B) neurological outcome and in healthy subjects (Reference Group, R Group).</p