Potential CTL reactivity against viral (RNA) and/or archived proviral DNA epitopes according to HLA I alleles.

<p>After characterization of HLA alleles, we investigated the CTL epitopes that should be recognized by the patients and have determined the affinity through the MHC IC 50 values. The reference epitopes are from the HXB2 reference. Whether identical or variant, the epitopes were noted in the circulating virus at baseline (RNA) and/or the archived proviral DNA at therapeutic success.</p

Potential CTL reactivity against archived viral epitopes according to HLA I alleles: cross-reactivity to Lipo 5 peptides.

<p>Lipo 5 peptides are located in the viral genome and were designed from the HXB2 reference; according to the HLA alleles, we investigated the predicted reactivity against the corresponding epitopes or variants of these epitopes in archived proviral DNA. The MHC IC 50 values provide an estimation of the cross-reactivity between the epitope and the variant. For example, patient G with allele HLA-A*03:01 has archived a variant epitope that is poorly recognized. It is highly doubtful that the corresponding lipopeptide Gag 17–35 HXB2 vaccine lipopeptide will be useful for cross-stimulation.</p

Primers used for Gag, Nef and Pol amplification.

<p>Primers used for Gag, Nef and Pol amplification.</p

Phylogenetic trees of UDPS sequences (Pol RT2) at baseline and at ART success.

<p>Patients D, B and F according to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069029#pone-0069029-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Baseline characteristics of patients included in the analysis.

<p>cART: combination Antiretroviral Therapy.</p><p><b>ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort, 2000–2007.</b></p

Factors associated with the hazard of bacterial pneumonia among HIV-infected patients in the era of cART.

<p>*Time-updated variables.</p><p>cART: combination Antiretroviral Therapy.</p><p>CI: Confidence Interval.</p><p><b>ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort, 2000–2007.</b></p

Severe Morbidity According to Sex in the Era of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy: The ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To describe trends and determinants of severe morbidity in HIV-infected women and men.</p><p>Design</p><p>A French prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients of both sexes and all transmission categories.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We used hospital admission data from January 2000 to December 2008. A severe morbid event (SME) was defined as a clinical event requiring hospitalization for ≥48 h, several events could be reported during hospitalization. Yearly incidence rates of SME were estimated and compared using Generalized Estimating Equations.</p><p>Results</p><p>Among 4,987 patients (27% women), followed for a median of 8.7 years, 1,473 (30%) were hospitalized (3,049 hospitalizations for 5,963 SME). The yearly incidence rate of hospitalization decreased in men, from 155 in 2000 to 80/1,000 person-years (PY) in 2008 and in women, from 125 to 71/1,000 PY, (p<0.001). This trend was observed for all SME except for hepatic events, stable in men (15 to 13/1,000 PY) and increasing in women (2.5 to 11.5), cardiovascular events increasing in men (6 to 10/1,000 PY) and in women (6 to 14) and non-AIDS non-hepatic malignancies increasing in men (4 to 7/1,000 PY) and stable in women (2.5). Intraveneous drug users, age >50 years, HIV RNA >10,000 copies, CD4 <500/mm³, AIDS stage, hepatitis C co-infection and cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, high blood pressure, and tobacco use) were associated with SME.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>HIV-infected individuals in care in France require less and less frequently hospitalization. Women are now presenting with severe hepatic and cardio-vascular events. Disparities in SME between men and women are primarily explained by different exposure patterns to risk factors. Women should be targeted to benefit cardiovascular prevention policies as well as men.</p></div

Demographic, clinical and immuno-virological characteristics according to sex, by calendar year 2000, 2004 and 2008.

<p>1.Hyper-cholesterolemia or hyper-triglyceridemia, 2. Plasma cholesterol >6.24 mmol/L or any use of lipid-lowering drugs, 3. Plasma triglycerides >2.2 mmol/L or any use of lipid-lowering drugs, 4. glycemia >7 mmol/L or any use of antidiabetic drugs, 5. Blood pressure ≥14/9 cm Hg or any use of antihypertensive drugs</p

Incidence rates of severe morbid events according to sex (ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort 2000–2008).

<p>p₁ : Poisson regression test for trend, p₂ : Year*sex interaction test. Fig. 3a. AIDS events, p₁<0.001, p₂<0.001. Fig. 3b. Bacterial infections, p₁<0.01, p₂ = 0.99. Fig. 3c. Psychiatric events, p₁ = 0.25, p₂<0.005. Fig. 3d. Hepatic events, p₁ = 0.18, p₂ = 0.48. Fig. 3e. Cardiovascular events, p₁ = 0.25, p₂ = 0.83. Fig. 3f. Non-AIDS, non-hepatic malignancies, p₁ =  0.18, p₂<0.002.</p

Evolution of yearly incidence rates of hospitalization according to sex (ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort 2000–2008).

<p>Evolution of yearly incidence rates of hospitalization according to sex (ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort 2000–2008).</p