60 research outputs found
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Evaluation of Margins in the ASME Rules for Defining the P-T Curve for a RPV
light water reactor
Interferometry of a Single Nanoparticle Using the Gouy Phase of a Focused Laser Beam
We provide a quantitative explanation of the mechanism of the far-field
intensity modulation induced by a nanoparticle in a focused Gaussian laser
beam, as was demonstrated in several recent direct detection studies. Most
approaches take advantage of interference between the incident light and the
scattered light from a nanoparticle to facilitate a linear dependence of the
signal on the nanoparticle volume. The phase relation between the incoming
field and the scattered field by the nanoparticle is elucidated by the concept
of Gouy phase. This phase relation is used to analyze the far-field
signal-to-noise ratio as a function of exact nanoparticle position with respect
to the beam focus. The calculation suggests that a purely dispersive
nanoparticle should be displaced from the Gaussian beam focus to generate a
far-field intensity change
Scaling ozone responses of forest trees to the ecosystem level in a changing climate
Many uncertainties remain regarding how climate change will alter the structure and function of forest ecosystems. At the Aspen FACE experiment in northern Wisconsin, we are attempting to understand how an aspen/birch/maple forest ecosystem responds to long-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ), alone and in combination, from establishment onward. We examine how O 3 affects the flow of carbon through the ecosystem from the leaf level through to the roots and into the soil micro-organisms in present and future atmospheric CO 2 conditions. We provide evidence of adverse effects of O 3 , with or without co-occurring elevated CO 2 , that cascade through the entire ecosystem impacting complex trophic interactions and food webs on all three species in the study: trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx . ), paper birch ( Betula papyrifera Marsh), and sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh). Interestingly, the negative effect of O 3 on the growth of sugar maple did not become evident until 3 years into the study. The negative effect of O 3 effect was most noticeable on paper birch trees growing under elevated CO 2 . Our results demonstrate the importance of long-term studies to detect subtle effects of atmospheric change and of the need for studies of interacting stresses whose responses could not be predicted by studies of single factors. In biologically complex forest ecosystems, effects at one scale can be very different from those at another scale. For scaling purposes, then, linking process with canopy level models is essential if O 3 impacts are to be accurately predicted. Finally, we describe how outputs from our long-term multispecies Aspen FACE experiment are being used to develop simple, coupled models to estimate productivity gain/loss from changing O 3 .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72464/1/j.1365-3040.2005.01362.x.pd
The bone-marrow : a cytological study forming an introduction to the pathology of the tissue
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Development of a shallow-flaw fracture assessment methodology for nuclear reactor pressure vessels
Shallow-flaw fracture technology is being developed within the Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program for application to the safety assessment of radiation-embrittled nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) containing postulated shallow flaws. Cleavage fracture in shallow-flaw cruciform beam specimens tested under biaxial loading at temperatures in the lower transition temperature range was shown to be strain-controlled. A strain-based dual-parameter fracture toughness correlation was developed and shown to be capable of predicting the effect of crack-tip constraint on fracture toughness for strain-controlled fracture. A probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) model that includes both the properties of the inner-surface stainless-steel cladding and a biaxial shallow-flaw fracture toughness correlation gave a reduction in probability of cleavage initiation of more than two orders of magnitude from an ASME-based reference case
Entrepreneurial orientation as a predictor of perceived environmental uncertainty and of alliance involvement: the case of small to medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in the Netherlands
Detecting and managing patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease: Proteinuria and cardiovascular disease: Proteinuria and cardiovascular disease
Entrepreneurial orientation as a predictor of percieved environmental uncertainty and of alliance involvement: the case of small to medium sized manufacturing enterprises in the Netherlands
Detecting and managing patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease: Proteinuria and cardiovascular disease:Proteinuria and cardiovascular disease
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