Regional earnings inequality in Great Britain: Evidence from fixed-effects regressions

Earnings inequality in Great Britain has increased substantially over the last two decades at both the national and regional levels. This paper examines the determinants of regional hourly earnings over the period 1976 to 1995 by estimating regional fixed-effects earnings equations. Using panel dataset from the New Earnings Survey, individual-specific heterogeneity is controlled for, and superior estimates of the factors affecting regional earnings are obtained. Increasing returns to skill, increasing industrial differentials, and increasing premiums for older workers are found to have contributed to increasing regional earnings inequality, and consequently rising earnings inequality at the national level

Chains of KP, Semi-infinite 1-Toda Lattice Hierarchy and Kontsevich Integral

There are well-known constructions of integrable systems which are chains of infinitely many copies of the equations of the KP hierarchy ``glued'' together with some additional variables, e.g., the modified KP hierarchy. Another interpretation of the latter, in terms of infinite matrices, is called the 1-Toda lattice hierarchy. One way infinite reduction of this hierarchy has all solutions in the form of sequences of expanding Wronskians. We define another chain of the KP equations, also with solutions of the Wronsksian type, which is characterized by the property to stabilize with respect to a gradation. Under some constraints imposed, the tau functions of the chain are the tau functions associated with the Kontsevich integrals.Comment: LaTeX, 15 page

Why the general Zakharov-Shabat equations form a hierarchy?

The totality of all Zakharov-Shabat equations (ZS), i.e., zero-curvature equations with rational dependence on a spectral parameter, if properly defined, can be considered as a hierarchy. The latter means a collection of commuting vector fields in the same phase space. Further properties of the hierarchy are discussed, such as additional symmetries, an analogue to the string equation, a Grassmannian related to the ZS hierarchy, and a Grassmannian definition of soliton solutions.Comment: 13p

How and Why to do VLBI on GPS

In order to establish the position of the center of mass of the Earth in the International Celestial Reference Frame, observations of the Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) constellation using the IVS network are important. With a good frame-tie between the coordinates of the IVS telescopes and nearby GPS receivers, plus a common local oscillator reference signal, it should be possible to observe and record simultaneously signals from the astrometric calibration sources and the GPS satellites. The standard IVS solution would give the atmospheric delay and clock offsets to use in analysis of the GPS data. Correlation of the GPS signals would then give accurate orbital parameters of the satellites {\bf in the ICRF reference frame}, i.e. relative to the positions of the astrometric sources. This is particularly needed to determine motion of the center of mass of the earth along the rotation axis.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Conference Proceedings - International Very Long Baseline Service General Meeting 201

Who are the moonlighters and why they moonlight: Evidence for rural communities

This paper examines the incidence of and reasons for moonlighting in the context of rural communities where multiple-job holding is viewed as an important means of promoting sustainability of these communities. Drawing upon a unique dataset of a relatively homogeneous population living in an isolated area on the west coast of Scotland, where employment opportunities are limited, dual-job holding is investigated within the fisheries and aquaculture industries. Evidence is found that those who moonlight do not do so primarily for financial reasons, and that educational attainment has a positive impact on the incidence of dual-job holding.The data used in this study has been collected for the purposes of the project “Aquaculture and Coastal Economic and Social Sustainability”, financed by the EU (project no. Q5RS-2000-31151)