States' Rights Nationalists: Governors Joseph Brown and Zebulon Vance versus Conscription

Confederate governors Joseph Brown and Zebulon Vance have long been considered obstructionists to the Confederate cause through their steadfast commitment to states' rights. States' Rights Nationalists throws in its own interpretation of these two men into the historiographical conversation taken on by well-known Civil War historians like Frank Owsley, Albert Burton Moore, Gordon McKinney, Paul Escott, John Barrett, and Joseph Parks. This paper will analyze the case studies of these two notorious Confederate governors, to answer the following research question: Did Confederate governors intentionally obstruct the implementation of the Conscription Act of 1862 by prioritizing the rights of their individual states over the Confederacy? Where previous historians have often judged these men as either nationalists or obstructionists, this paper considers a spectrum between these polar ideas. Governors' reactions to conscription connects to a larger historical question that historians have asked repeatedly: Why did the South lose the Civil War? Historians like Frank L. Owsley and Albert Burton Moore blamed governors' commitments to states' rights as failing to create a unified front against northern aggression. However, this paper argues the inverse and contends that it was the failure of the Confederacy to protect the sovereignty of the states that created much of this internal division. Instead, it was the governors who acted as nationalists to the Confederacy, as they understood it and its founding principles, and created their own middle-ground between Confederate nationalism and states' rights

Dipolar quantum solids emerging in a Hubbard quantum simulator

In quantum mechanical many-body systems, long-range and anisotropic interactions promote rich spatial structure and can lead to quantum frustration, giving rise to a wealth of complex, strongly correlated quantum phases. Long-range interactions play an important role in nature; however, quantum simulations of lattice systems have largely not been able to realize such interactions. A wide range of efforts are underway to explore long-range interacting lattice systems using polar molecules, Rydberg atoms, optical cavities, and magnetic atoms. Here, we realize novel quantum phases in a strongly correlated lattice system with long-range dipolar interactions using ultracold magnetic erbium atoms. As we tune the dipolar interaction to be the dominant energy scale in our system, we observe quantum phase transitions from a superfluid into dipolar quantum solids, which we directly detect using quantum gas microscopy with accordion lattices. Controlling the interaction anisotropy by orienting the dipoles enables us to realize a variety of stripe ordered states. Furthermore, by transitioning non-adiabatically through the strongly correlated regime, we observe the emergence of a range of metastable stripe-ordered states. This work demonstrates that novel strongly correlated quantum phases can be realized using long-range dipolar interaction in optical lattices, opening the door to quantum simulations of a wide range of lattice models with long-range and anisotropic interactions

The World Health Organization Engaging with Civil Society Networks to Promote Primary Health Care : A Case Study

Engagement between the World Health Organization (WHO) and civil society organizations (CSOs), gains importance as CSOs increase their contribution to public health; particularly to primary health care. To better engage civil society in revitalizing primary health care the WHO collaborated with the Community Health Global Network (CHGN), a civil society network. This article uses the WHO-CHGN relationship to demonstrate how this collaboration enabled the WHO to inform and to learn from those with current primary health care experience. Learning from a systematic documentation of the collaboration provides insight into the WHO and CHGN perspectives concerning the relationship; informs future WHO-CSO collaborations and contributes to the understanding of the ways in which the WHO accesses and hears those actively engaged in health care programs.Peer reviewe