Method of insetting predesigned disbond areas into composite laminates

This invention is a process for producing composite laminates containing interlaminar disbonds of controlled sizes, shapes, and positions within a composite structure. A composite layer is provided for later inclusion within a laminate. The surfaces of this composite layer are solvent cleaned and sandblasted, except in desired disbond areas, which are coated with a releasing surface. A template to mask the bond areas is employed to obtain disbond areas of controlled shapes and sizes. The resulting composite layer is then used in the subsequent manufacture of a laminate, whereby faulty adhesion in the laminate can be studied with prior knowledge of the size, shape, and location of the disbond areas

Vender/Grower and Crop/Product Survey for Santa Fe and Albuquerque Growers' Markets 1996 and 1998

Marketing,

Actualizing Organizational Core Values: Putting Theory into Practice

The literature on organizational culture and leading by shared values suggests a prescriptive model for use by leaders in actualizing stated organizational core values. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, this study sought to examine the efficacy of this theoretical model in representing actual efforts by practitioners to embed diversity as a new organizational core value. Leadership actions to embed and actualize diversity as an institutional core value at two private universities were examined and compared. Findings suggest the theoretical model inadequately addresses the critical role of contextual assessment and under represents the dynamic cyclical nature of value embedding and actualization processes, particularly with respect organizations with high stakeholder turnover such as institutions of higher education

Process for bonding elastomers to metals

A process for bonding elastomeric material to a metal part includes coating a heat curable adhesive on the surfaces of the metal part to be bonded. The metal part is placed in a mold, a bottom plate and an upper transfer pot of a transfer molding machine is preheated to a predetermined cure temperature. A predetermined quantity of uncured elastomeric material is loaded into the transfer pot. The mold containing the adhesive coated metal part is clamped to the bottom plate, and almost contemporaneously, the uncured elastomeric material is pressed into the mold while maintaining heat and pressure in the mold for a time sufficient to vulcanize and thereby cure the elastomeric material simultaneously with the adhesive, whereby contacting surfaces of the metal part are strongly bonded to the vulcanized elastomeric material

Physiological and biochemical aspects of transfructosylation in Helianthus tuberosus L

Imperial Users onl

A direct lifetime measurement for a resonance transition in argon

The 4s³P₁ state of argon decays radiatively by a resonance transition to the 3p⁶¹S₀ ground state; the wavelength of this radiation is 1067A. By direct observation of the decay of the 1067A radiation from excited argon gas, a value of 0.93±0.06 x 10⁻⁵ seconds has been obtained for the natural lifetime of the 4s³P₁ state. The failure of this state to appear as a metastable state points up the inadequacy of a description of the argon atom by Russel-Saunders coupling. The calculated value (25) of 1.05 x 10⁻⁵ seconds for the natural lifetime of the 4s³P₁ state requires a larger degree of mixing of the strict Russel-Saunders terms than does the value measured in this experiment. The measurement was made using a modified delayed coincidence method (3). Bombardment of argon gas with a pulsed beam of controlled energy electrons was used to produce cyclic excitation and relaxation of the gas. The cyclic regeneration of the argon decay allowed the entire decay curve to be determined by examining it piecemeal. A small portion of the decay curve is repetetively examined by gating a detector such that it is active only during a small fraction of each cycle. During each cycle the location in time of this sampling interval is set by triggering the gating signal with a delayed pulse which is produced at the termination of the excitation. Different portions of the decay curve are examined by adjusting the delay of the trigger pulse. Because the detector output is a constant which varies only when the location of the sampling interval is shifted along the decay curve, this method avoids the problem of attempting to record a single transient. The atomic excitation is produced within a nine liter cylindrical volume. A slow molecular type flow of argon is maintained through this excitation chamber. The pressure is essentially uniform within this chamber and is varied over the range of 10⁻³ to 10⁻¹ Torr. The electron gun, located at the center of the excitation chamber, consists of the cathode and grid structure of a 6SJ7 electron tube. The spread in energy of electrons from this gun was small enough to allow selective excitation of the 4s multiplet of argon, but selective excitation of levels within this multiplet could not be achieved. Radiation from the excitation chamber was detected with a Bendix magnetic photomultiplier (20) which was separated from the excitation chamber by a thinly cleaved lithium fluoride window. This photomultiplier is sensitive only to radiation in the wavelength region between 2A and 1500A. Final identification of the observed radiation as that from the 4s³P₁-3p₆¹S₀ transition was made using a vacuum spectrograph. Since the intensity of radiation from the excitation chamber is directly proportional to the concentration of argon atoms in the 4s³P₁ state, it is the decay of these atoms that is determined. This decay will be governed by the radiative decay constant only if collisional transfer of excitation and trapping of resonance radiation can be neglected. Throughout the range of pressure used in this experiment the rate constants associated with both these processes are known to be pressure dependent (21, 22) and the effect of resonance trapping can be observed separately by its dependence upon the enclosure geometry. It is to be expected that the predominant collision process will be the two body collisions which result in the exchange of excitation between the 4s³P₁ level and the adjacent metastable levels. The experimental data consistently yield decay curves which represent the sum of two exponential decays having different decay constants. The larger of these decay constants is independent of gas pressure and the smaller one is approximately directly proportional to pressure. Neither is dependent upon enclosure geometry. Therefore, it is concluded that the effects of resonance trapping are negligible, and that the de-excitation of argon atoms in the 4s³P₁ state is governed predominantly by radiative decay and by two body collisions which result in the transfer of excitation to or from this state. The cross sections for collisional transfer is approximately 4 x 10⁻¹⁵cm² at room temperature. The fact that resonance radiation from the 4s¹P₁ state of argon was not observed indicates that this radiation is heavily trapped and that collisional transfer is primarily responsible for the decay of this state. It thus appears that there is a large difference in the natural lifetimes of the two radiative 4s levels. This implication is in disagreement with the experimental results obtained by Vaughan & Stacy (35)

Increased hypoglycemia associated with renal failure during continuous intravenous insulin infusion and specialized nutritional support

Objective: To evaluate glycemic control for critically ill, hyperglycemic trauma patients with renal failure who received concurrent intensive insulin therapy and continuous enteral (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN). Methods: Adult trauma patients with renal failure, who were given EN or PN concurrently with continuous graduated intravenous regular human insulin (RHI) infusion for at least 3 days were evaluated. Our conventional RHI algorithm was modified for those with renal failure by allowing greater changes in blood glucose concentrations (BG) before the infusion rate was escalated. BG was determined every 1-2 hours while receiving the insulin infusion. BG control was evaluated on the day prior to RHI infusion and for a maximum of 7 days while receiving RHI. Target BG during the RHI infusion was 70 to 149 mg/dL (3.9 to 8.3 mmol/L). Glycemic control and incidence of hypoglycemia for those with renal failure were compared to a historical cohort of critically ill, hyperglycemic trauma patients without renal failure given our conventional RHI algorithm. Results: Twenty-one patients with renal failure who received the modified RHI algorithm were evaluated and compared to forty patients without renal failure given our conventional RHI algorithm. Average BG was significantly greater for those with renal failure (133 + 14 mg/dL or 7.3 + 0.7 mmol/L) compared to those without renal failure (122 + 15 mg/dL or 6.8 + 0.8 mmol/L), respectively (p \u3c 0.01). Patients with renal failure experienced worsened glycemic variability with 16.1 + 3.3 hours/day within the target BG range, 6.9 + 3.2 hours/day above the target BG range, and 1.4 + 1.1 hours below the target BG range compared to 19.6 + 4.7 hours/day (p \u3c 0.001), 3.4 + 3.0 hours/day (p \u3c 0.001), and 0.7 + 0.8 hours/day (p \u3c 0.01) for those without renal failure, respectively. Moderate hypoglycemia (\u3c 60 mg/dL or \u3c 3.3 mmol/L) occurred in 76% of patients with renal failure compared to 35% without renal failure (p \u3c 0.005). Severe hypoglycemia (BG \u3c 40 mg/dL or \u3c 2.2 mmol/L) occurred in 29% of patients with renal failure compared to none of those without renal failure (p \u3c 0.001). Conclusion: Despite receiving a modified RHI infusion, critically ill trauma patients with renal failure are at higher risk for developing hypoglycemia and experience more glycemic variability than patients without renal failure

Diné teachings and public health students informing peers and relatives about vaccine education: Providing Diné (Navajo)-centered COVID-19 education materials using student health messengers

Introduction/backgroundOn 9 April 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that only 19. 9% of United States (US) adults were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. In that same week, the Navajo Nation (NN) reported that 37.4% of residents were fully vaccinated, making the NN a leader in the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Despite high vaccination rates, vaccine hesitancy exists within the NN. The Diné (Navajo) Teachings and Public Health Students Informing Peers and Relatives about Vaccine Education (RAVE) intervention was designed to utilize trusted health messengers as an effective means to address adults' vaccine concerns and hesitancy.MethodsThe research team used COVID-19 vaccine materials developed in a previous collaboration with non-Navajo tribal communities and publicly available materials. Diné Traditional Knowledge Holders (TKHs) were interviewed to develop and incorporate Diné-specific information on individual and collective health behaviors into the RAVE materials. These drafted health education materials were presented to NN community health representatives (CHRs) and Diné public health students using a consensus panel approach. NN residents who participated in the intervention completed a 16-element retrospective pretest.ResultsThe adaptation and tailoring process of materials yielded 4 health education materials. The students recruited 46 adults for health education sessions. These participants then completed the retrospective pretest. Changes in the 16 elements were in the desired direction, although only six were significant: four related to attitudes and two concerned with vaccination intention. Participants were more likely to consider vaccination and to try to get vaccinated after the education session.DiscussionTrusted messengers and culturally centered materials have been identified as effective means of health behavior education with Native American audiences. RAVE applied these intervention elements by (1) training Diné College public health students to leverage their cultural knowledge and social relationships (cultural and social capital) to recruit vaccine-hesitant adults and provide education; (2) building on previous understanding of Native American communities' vaccine concerns; and (3) integrating Diné perspectives on individual and collective health into the adaptation of materials designed for general audiences; this knowledge was gained from interviews with TKHs