CloudBrain-MRS: An Intelligent Cloud Computing Platform for in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Preprocessing, Quantification, and Analysis

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an important clinical imaging method for diagnosis of diseases. MRS spectrum is used to observe the signal intensity of metabolites or further infer their concentrations. Although the magnetic resonance vendors commonly provide basic functions of spectra plots and metabolite quantification, the widespread clinical research of MRS is still limited due to the lack of easy-to-use processing software or platform. To address this issue, we have developed CloudBrain-MRS, a cloud-based online platform that provides powerful hardware and advanced algorithms. The platform can be accessed simply through a web browser, without the need of any program installation on the user side. CloudBrain-MRS also integrates the classic LCModel and advanced artificial intelligence algorithms and supports batch preprocessing, quantification, and analysis of MRS data from different vendors. Additionally, the platform offers useful functions: 1) Automatically statistical analysis to find biomarkers for diseases; 2) Consistency verification between the classic and artificial intelligence quantification algorithms; 3) Colorful three-dimensional visualization for easy observation of individual metabolite spectrum. Last, both healthy and mild cognitive impairment patient data are used to demonstrate the functions of the platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cloud computing platform for in vivo MRS with artificial intelligence processing. We have shared our cloud platform at MRSHub, providing free access and service for two years. Please visit https://mrshub.org/software_all/#CloudBrain-MRS or https://csrc.xmu.edu.cn/CloudBrain.html.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure

Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

<div><p>Background</p><p>Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used to controlling menopausal symptoms and prevent adverse cardiovascular events. However, the benefit and risk of HRT on cardiovascular outcomes remains controversial.</p> <p>Methodology and Principal Findings</p><p>We systematically searched the PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for obtaining relevant literature. All eligible trials reported on the effects of HRT on cardiovascular outcomes. We did a random effects meta-analysis to obtain summary effect estimates for the clinical outcomes with use of relative risks calculated from the raw data of included trials. Of 1903 identified studies, we included 10 trials reporting data on 38908 postmenopausal women. Overall, we noted that estrogen combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy as compared to placebo had no effect on coronary events (RR, 1.07; 95%CI: 0.91–1.26; P = 0.41), myocardial infarction (RR, 1.09; 95%CI: 0.85–1.41; P = 0.48), stroke (RR, 1.21; 95%CI: 1.00–1.46; P = 0.06), cardiac death (RR, 1.19; 95%CI: 0.91–1.56; P = 0.21), total death (RR, 1.06; 95%CI: 0.81–1.39; P = 0.66), and revascularization (RR, 0.95; 95%CI: 0.83–1.08; P = 0.43). In addition, estrogen therapy alone had no effect on coronary events (RR, 0.93; 95%CI: 0.80–1.08; P = 0.33), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.95; 95%CI: 0.78–1.15; P = 0.57), cardiac death (RR, 0.86; 95%CI: 0.65–1.13; P = 0.27), total mortality (RR, 1.02; 95%CI: 0.89–1.18; P = 0.73), and revascularization (RR, 0.77; 95%CI: 0.45–1.31; P = 0.34), but associated with a 27% increased risk for incident stroke (RR, 1.27; 95%CI: 1.06–1.53; P = 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusion/Significance</p><p>Hormone replacement therapy does not effect on the incidence of coronary events, myocardial infarction, cardiac death, total mortality or revascularization. However, it might contributed an important role on the risk of incident stroke.</p> </div

Subgroup analysis for the effect of hormone replacement therapy on coronary events, and stroke.

<p>Subgroup analysis for the effect of hormone replacement therapy on coronary events, and stroke.</p

Metropolitan Architecture and Sustainable Habitats in the Indo-Pacific Region to Reinforce the Megacity System Through Urban–Rural Patterns

The Indo-Pacific region needs a comprehensive view of the risks of widening existing inequalities or creating new ones due to the Green and Digital Transitions to improve the quality of life. The goal is to define Regenerative Actions to strengthen existing sustainable habitats and create/support trans-regional and national clusters. Interstitial actors must act as mediators and adapt existing knowledge to new situations. Twin Transitions require new forms of governance and compelling service access issues to identify and reinforce existing sustainable communities. Spatial analysis is needed to generate a strategic vision of territorial shrinkage for Japan. Spatial planning strategies can address population shrinkage by promoting the Desakota phenomenon and fostering the proximity of urban settlements and agriculture. The study aims to explore how Harmony can be integrated into an Operating Culture that encompasses anthropological, social, and economic aspects of cooperation with nature. Nature is critical in shaping the relationship between humans and technology, and culture is the soul that integrates technology and nature. Asian continent significance lies in its technological advancements and its potential to help China overcome its particularism and discover new ways of understanding unity. The Asian and Japanese experience has shown how the community dimension can be effective in an emergency, and how the vulnerability of a community can be transformed into a resource. Realistic contexts are necessary to achieve desired outcomes, and Asian societies must harness and transform these energies into productive innovation

Effect of hormone replacement therapy on risk of myocardial infarction.

<p>Effect of hormone replacement therapy on risk of myocardial infarction.</p

Effect of hormone replacement therapy on risk of stroke.

<p>Effect of hormone replacement therapy on risk of stroke.</p

Summary of the relative risks of all adverse outcomes assessed.

<p>Summary of the relative risks of all adverse outcomes assessed.</p

Design and characteristic of trials included in our meta-analysis.

<p>Design and characteristic of trials included in our meta-analysis.</p

Preparation of Liposomes Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeting and Imaging Brain Glioma

Effective and specific diagnostic imaging of brain glioma remains a challenge. Magnetic nanoparticles are actively being developed as contrast agents for diagnosis of tumor. In this work, we developed the targeted magnetic nanoparticles as T1-positive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Zn-doped Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized by solvothermal method, coated with liposome and conjugated to a tumor-penetrating peptide (RGERPPR). The effect of zinc doping on the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was studied. Zn0.4Fe2.6O4-PEG nanoparticles exhibited T1 MR contrast enhancement. Cytotoxicity assay indicated that nanoparticles have good biocompatibility and low toxicity. And the in vitro cellular uptake assays on U87 cells confirmed that the conjugation of RGERPPR increased the uptake of the Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs. In vivo MR imaging showed the contrast enhance of U87 brain glioma in rat model after injection