(Mg): <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> (Mg) detected in poultry farms of Ramechhap District.

The four farms were numbered from R1 to R4. Each sample represents pooled oral and cloacal samples. The gel was run with ladder in the first well and positive and negative controls in the last two well respectively. (Ms): Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms) detected in poultry farms of Ramechhap District. The four farms were numbered from R1 to R4. Each sample represents pooled oral and cloacal samples. The gel was run with ladder in the first well and positive and negative controls in the last two well respectively. (ZIP)</p

Graphical representation of BBCM scores received by all 16 farms for various biosafety & biosecurity parameters.

Scores (percentage) received by all farms assessed in this study using BBCM score. Numbers in parenthesis in the legend refers to total number of activities assessed within each criterion.</p

(IAV): Influenza A Virus (IAV) detected in poultry farms of Ramechhap District.

The four farms were numbered from R1 to R4. Each sample represents pooled oral and cloacal samples. The gel was run with ladder in the first well and positive and negative controls in the last two well respectively. (TIF)</p

(Mg): <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> (Mg) detected in poultry farms of Kavre District.

The four farms were numbered from K1 to K4. Each sample represents pooled oral and cloacal samples. The gel was run with ladder in the first well and positive and negative controls in the last two well respectively. (TIF)</p

Various types of antibiotics used (in %) in the surveyed poultry farms.

Various types of antibiotics used (in %) in the surveyed poultry farms.</p

Knowledge and perception of AMR among poultry farmers.

Responses (in percentage) obtained from farmers on AMR-related questions.</p

Types, age, and total number of chickens in each farm.

Types, age, and total number of chickens in each farm.</p

(Mg): <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> (Mg) detected in poultry farms of Sindhupalchowk District.

The four farms were numbered from S1 to S4. Each sample represents pooled oral and cloacal samples. The gel was run with ladder in the first well and positive and negative controls in the last two well respectively. (TIF)</p

(Mg): <i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> (Mg) detected in poultry farms of Nuwakot District.

The four farms were numbered from N1 to N4. Each sample represents pooled oral and cloacal samples. The gel was run with ladder in the first well and positive and negative controls in the last two well respectively. (IBD): Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) detected in poultry farms of Nuwakot District. The four farms were numbered from N1 to N4. Each sample represents pooled oral and cloacal samples. The gel was run with ladder in the first well and positive and negative controls in the last two well respectively. (ZIP)</p

Antibiotic stewardship survey used to assess farm owners’ knowledge on antibiotics and their usage.

Antibiotic stewardship survey used to assess farm owners’ knowledge on antibiotics and their usage.</p