6 research outputs found
Blood Pressure And Cardiac Autonomic Modulation At Rest, During Exercise And Recovery Time In The Young Overweight
This study aimed to assess the blood pressure (BP), cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, in physical exercise and in the recovery in untrained eutrophic (E) and overweight (O) youth. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic BP-SBP (E: 109.80 ± 10.05; O: 121.85 ± 6.98 mmHg) and diastolic BP DBP (E: 65.90 ± 7.28; O: 73.14 ± 12.22 mmHg) were higher in overweight and the heart rate recovery (%HRR) was lower as compared with E volunteers. The BMI was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.65), load on the heart rate variability threshold-HRVT (r=-0.46), %HRR2' (r=-0.48) and %HRR 5′ (r=-0.48), and WC was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.64) and HRR2' (r=-0.49). The %HRR was associated to SBP, DBP and HRVT. In summary, the anthropometric variables, BP and cardiac autonomic modulation in the recovery are altered in overweight youth.221273
Avaliação parasitológica e sorológica de caprinos inoculados experimentalmente pelo Trypanosoma cruzi
Understanding The Function Of Conserved Variations In The Catalytic Loops Of Fungal Glycoside Hydrolase Family 12
Enzymes that cleave the xyloglucan backbone at unbranched glucose residues have been identified in GH families 5, 7, 12, 16, 44, and 74. Fungi produce enzymes that populate 20 of 22 families that are considered critical for plant biomass deconstruction. We searched for GH12-encoding genes in 27 Eurotiomycetes genomes. After analyzing 50 GH12-related sequences, the conserved variations of the amino acid sequences were examined. Compared to the endoglucanases, the endo-xyloglucanase-associated YSG deletion at the negative subsites of the catalytic cleft with a SST insertion at the reducing end of the substrate-binding crevice is highly conserved. In addition, a highly conserved alanine residue was identified in all xyloglucan-specific enzymes, and this residue is substituted by arginine in more promiscuous glucanases. To understand the basis for the xyloglucan specificity displayed by certain GH12 enzymes, two fungal GH12 endoglucanases were chosen for mutagenesis and functional studies: an endo-xyloglucanase from Aspergillus clavatus (AclaXegA) and an endoglucanase from A. terreus (AtEglD). Comprehensive molecular docking studies and biochemical analyses were performed, revealing that mutations at the entrance of the catalytic cleft in AtEglD result in a wider binding cleft and the alteration of the substrate-cleavage pattern, implying that a trio of residues coordinates the interactions and binding to linear glycans. The loop insertion at the crevice-reducing end of AclaXegA is critical for catalytic efficiency to hydrolyze xyloglucan. The understanding of the structural elements governing endo-xyloglucanase activity on linear and branched glucans will facilitate future enzyme modifications with potential applications in industrial biotechnology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.111814941505Basma, M., Sundara, S., Calgan, D., Vernali, T., Woods, R.J., Solvated ensemble averaging in the calculation of partial atomic charges (2001) J Comput Chem, 22 (11), pp. 1125-1137Bradford, M.M., Rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing principle of protein-dye binding (1976) Anal Biochem, 72 (1-2), pp. 248-254Buckeridge, M.S., Seed cell wall storage polysaccharides: Models to understand cell wall biosynthesis and degradation (2010) Plant Physiol, 154 (3), pp. 1017-1023Buckeridge, M.S., Rocha, D.C., Reid, J.S.G., Dietrich, S.M.C., Xyloglucan structure and post-germinative metabolism in seeds of Copaifera langsdorfii from savanna and forest populations (1992) Physiol Plant, 86 (1), pp. 145-151Buckeridge, M.S., Santos, H.P., Tiné, M.A.S., Mobilisation of storage cell wall polysaccharides in seeds (2000) Plant Physiol Biochem, 38, pp. 141-156Carpita, N.C., McCann, M.C., The cell wall (2000) Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants, pp. 52-109. , In: Buchanan BB, Gruissem W, Jones R, editors. Rockville: American Society of Plant PhysiologistsCota, J., Alvarez, T.M., Citadini, A.P., Santos, C.R., de Oliveira Neto, M., Oliveira, R.R., Pastore, G.M., Squina, F.M., Mode of operation and low-resolution structure of a multi-domain and hyperthermophilic endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from Thermotoga petrophila (2011) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 406 (4), pp. 590-594Damasio, A.R., Ribeiro, L.F., Furtado, G.P., Segato, F., Almeida, F.B., Crivellari, A.C., Buckeridge, M.S., Polizeli, M.L.T.M., Functional characterization and oligomerization of a recombinant xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (GH12) from Aspergillus niveus (2012) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1824 (3), pp. 461-467Dunbrack Jr., R.L., Rotamer libraries in the 21st century (2002) Curr Opin Struct Biol, 12 (4), pp. 431-440Geiser, D.M., Gueidan, C., Miadlikowska, J., Lutzoni, F., Kauff, F., Hofstetter, V., Fraker, E., Aptroot, A., Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae (2006) Mycologia, 98 (6), pp. 1053-1064Gilbert, H.J., Stalbrand, H., Brumer, H., How the walls come crumbling down: Recent structural biochemistry of plant polysaccharide degradation (2008) Curr Opin Plant Biol, 11 (3), pp. 338-348Gloster, T.M., Ibatullin, F.M., Macauley, K., Eklof, J.M., Roberts, S., Turkenburg, J.P., Bjornvad, M.E., Davies, G.J., Characterization and three-dimensional structures of two distinct bacterial xyloglucanases from families GH5 and GH12 (2007) J Biol Chem, 282 (26), pp. 19177-19189Grigoriev, I.V., Nordberg, H., Shabalov, I., Aerts, A., Cantor, M., Goodstein, D., Kuo, A., Dubchak, I., The genome portal of the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (2012) Nucleic Acids Res, 40, pp. D26-D32. , Database issueHeckman, K.L., Pease, L.R., Gene splicing and mutagenesis by PCR-driven overlap extension (2007) Nat Protoc, 2 (4), pp. 924-932Hollup, S.M., Salensminde, G., Reuter, N., WEBnm@: A web application for normal mode analyses of proteins (2005) BMC Bioinform, 6, p. 52Iglesias, N., Abelenda, J.A., Rodino, M., Sampedro, J., Revilla, G., Zarra, I., Apoplastic glycosidases active against xyloglucan oligosaccharides of Arabidopsis thaliana (2006) Plant Cell Physiol, 47 (1), pp. 55-63Jovanovic, I., Magnuson, J., Collart, F., Robbertse, B., Adney, W., Himmel, M., Baker, S., Fungal glycoside hydrolases for saccharification of lignocellulose: Outlook for new discoveries fueled by genomics and functional studies (2009) Cellulose, 16 (4), pp. 687-697Khademi, S., Zhang, D., Swanson, S.M., Wartenberg, A., Witte, K., Meyer, E.F., Determination of the structure of an endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger and its mode of inhibition by palladium chloride (2002) Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 58 (PART 4), pp. 660-667Kirschner, K.N., Woods, R.J., Quantum mechanical study of the nonbonded forces in water-methanol complexes (2001) J Phys Chem A, 105 (16), pp. 4150-4155Kirschner, K.N., Woods, R.J., Solvent interactions determine carbohydrate conformation (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98 (19), pp. 10541-10545Lang, P.T., Brozell, S.R., Mukherjee, S., Pettersen, E.F., Meng, E.C., Thomas, V., Rizzo, R.C., Kuntz, I.D., DOCK 6: Combining techniques to model RNA-small molecule complexes (2009) RNA, 15 (6), pp. 1219-1230Master, E.R., Zheng, Y., Storms, R., Tsang, A., Powlowski, J., A xyloglucan-specific family 12 glycosyl hydrolase from Aspergillus niger: Recombinant expression, purification and characterization (2008) Biochem J, 411, pp. 161-170Miller, G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar (1959) Anal Chem, 31 (3), pp. 426-428Moustakas, D.T., Lang, P.T., Pegg, S., Pettersen, E., Kuntz, I.D., Brooijmans, N., Rizzo, R.C., Development and validation of a modular, extensible docking program: DOCK 5 (2006) J Comput Aided Mol Des, 20 (10-11), pp. 601-619Naran, R., Pierce, M.L., Mort, A.J., Detection and identification of rhamnogalacturonan lyase activity in intercellular spaces of expanding cotton cotyledons (2007) Plant J, 50 (1), pp. 95-107Pettersen, E.F., Goddard, T.D., Huang, C.C., Couch, G.S., Greenblatt, D.M., Meng, E.C., Ferrin, T.E., UCSF Chimera-A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis (2004) J Comput Chem, 25 (13), pp. 1605-1612Powlowski, J., Mahajan, S., Schapira, M., Master, E.R., Substrate recognition and hydrolysis by a fungal xyloglucan-specific family 12 hydrolase (2009) Carbohydr Res, 344 (10), pp. 1175-1179Prates, E.T., Stankovic, I., Silveira, R.L., Liberato, M.V., Henrique-Silva, F., Pereira Jr., N., Polikarpov, I., Skaf, M.S., X-ray structure and molecular dynamics simulations of endoglucanase 3 from Trichoderma harzianum: Structural organization and substrate recognition by endoglucanases that lack cellulose binding module (2013) PLoS ONE, 8 (3), pp. e59069Sagermann, M., Matthews, B.W., Crystal structures of a T4-lysozyme duplication-extension mutant demonstrate that the highly conserved beta-sheet region has low intrinsic folding propensity (2002) J Mol Biol, 316 (4), pp. 931-940Sali, A., Blundell, T.L., Comparative protein modelling by satisfaction of spatial restraints (1993) J Mol Biol, 234 (3), pp. 779-815Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., Maniatis, T., (1988) Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual, 1659p. , New York: Cold Spring Harbor LaboratorySandgren, M., Shaw, A., Ropp, T.H., Wu, S., Bott, R., Cameron, A.D., Stahlberg, J., Jones, T.A., The X-ray crystal structure of the Trichoderma reesei family 12 endoglucanase 3, Cel12A, at 1.9 A resolution (2001) J Mol Biol, 308 (2), pp. 295-310Sandgren, M., Stahlberg, J., Mitchinson, C., Structural and biochemical studies of GH family 12 cellulases: Improved thermal stability, and ligand complexes (2005) Prog Biophys Mol Biol, 89 (3), pp. 246-291Segato, F., Damasio, A.R., Goncalves, T.A., de Lucas, R.C., Squina, F.M., Decker, S.R., Prade, R.A., High-yield secretion of multiple client proteins in Aspergillus (2012) Enzyme Microb Technol, 51 (2), pp. 100-106Shapiro, A.L., Vinuela, E., Maizel Jr., J.V., Molecular weight estimation of polypeptide chains by electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gels (1967) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 28 (5), pp. 815-820Soding, J., Biegert, A., Lupas, A.N., The HHpred interactive server for protein homology detection and structure prediction (2005) Nucleic Acids Res, 33, pp. W244-W248. , Web Server issueSong, S., Tang, Y., Yang, S., Yan, Q., Zhou, P., Jiang, Z., Characterization of two novel family 12 xyloglucanases from the thermophilic Rhizomucor miehei (2013) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 97 (23), pp. 10013-10024Vincken, J.P., Beldman, G., Voragen, A.G., Substrate specificity of endoglucanases: What determines xyloglucanase activity (1997) Carbohydr Res, 298 (4), pp. 299-310Yoshizawa, T., Shimizu, T., Hirano, H., Sato, M., Hashimoto, H., Structural basis for inhibition of xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (XEG) by XEG-protein inhibitor (2012) J Biol Chem, 287 (22), pp. 18710-18716Znameroski, E., Glass, N.L., Using a model filamentous fungus to unravel mechanisms of lignocellulose deconstruction (2013) Biotechnol Biofuels, 6 (1), p.
CHRONIC CHAGASIC CARDIOPATHY: THE PRODUCT OF A TURBULENT HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIP
The pathogenesis of chronic chagasic cardiopathy is still a debated matter. In this review, the main theories raised about it since the first description of the disease in 1909 by Carlos Chagas, are considered. The scarcity of T.cruzi parasites into the myocardium and the apparent lack of correlation between their presence and the occurrence of myocardial inflammatory infiltrate, have originated many theories indicating that chronic Chagas' cardiopathy is an autoimmune disease. Recently however, papers using immunohistochemical technique or PCR have demonstrated a strong association between moderate or severe myocarditis and presence of T.cruzi Ags, indicating a direct participation of the parasite in the genesis of chronic chagasic myocarditis. Different patterns of cytokine production seem to have important role in the outcome of the disease. Participation of the microcirculatory alterations and fibrosis as well as the relationship with the parasite are also emphasized. Finally, the author suggests that the indeterminate form of the disease occurs when the host immunological response against the parasite is more efficient while the chronic cardiopathy occurs in patients with hyperergic and inefficient immune response<br>A patogênese da cardiopatia crônica chagásica ainda é assunto controverso. Na presente revisão as principais teorias patogenéticas propostas, desde a descrição da doença por Carlos Chagas em 1909, são abordadas. A escassez de parasitas do T.cruzi no miocárdio e a aparente falta de correlação entre sua presença e a ocorrência de infiltrado inflamatório no miocárdio originaram várias teorias de autoimunidade na patogênese da cardiopatia crônica chagásica. Entretanto, trabalhos recentes têm demonstratado a presença de Ags do T.cruzi em associação com infiltrado inflamatório chagásico através de técnicas de imunoperoxidase e de PCR, sugerindo fortemente uma participação direta do parasita na gênese dessa miocardite. Diferentes padrões de produção de citocinas parecem desempenhar importante papel na evolução da doença. Ressalta-se também a possível participação do parasita em lesões da microcirculação e fibrose. Finalmente, o autor sugere que a forma indeterminada ocorre em pacientes cuja resposta imunológica contra o T.cruzi é mais efficente, enquanto que pacientes com cardiopatia crônica são aqueles com resposta contra o parasita ineficiente e hiperérgic