Corantes como fontes de pigmentação para gemas de ovos de galinhas

A comparison was made of the egg yolk pigmentation produced by two comercial products, Carophyll red (10% canthaxantin) and Pigmenting Complex 1131 (streptoxanthin). The colour of ten yolks a day per treatment was determined over an experimental period of 20 days using a Roche Colour Fan and a Hunter Lab Colour & Colour Difference Meter. The results show that pigment deposition first appeared in the yolks of eggs laid on the 5th day of treatment. Both pigmenting sources were significantly different at the 1% level from the control group but there was no difference between them. The correlation between the two methods of measurement was highly significant.Foi comparado o comportamento da estreptoxantina, produto novo no mercado, com "Carophyll" vermelho, já usado comercialmente no Brasil para coloração de gemas de ovos. Foram utilizadas galinhas Leghorn Branca com 14 meses de idade, alojadas a duas por gaiola; o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo três tratamentos com quatro repetições, constituindo 20 aves cada parcela. A determinação diária da cor foi feita em gemas de dez ovos de cada parcela, nos períodos pré-experimental (10 dias), experimental (20 dias) e pós-experimental (até que a coloração retornasse ao normal). A avaliação subjetiva da cor foi feita pelo leque colorido da Roche, dando os resultados por uma escala de 1 a 15 pontos, e a objetiva, pelo colorímetro diferencial Hunter, que expressa os resultados através de três parâmetros. Os resultados mostraram que o efeito dos corantes apareceu a partir do quinto dia do inicio da sua adição e permaneceu por seis a sete dias após sua suspensão; houve diferença significativa ao nível de significância de 1% entre a testemunha e os dois tratamentos com corantes, não ocorrendo, entretanto, diferença significativa entre estes. Os métodos utilizados para determinação da cor em gemas do ovos estão altamente correlacionados

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030