A rare case of cytomegalovirus induced oral ulcer in an immunocompromised patient

Introduction: Oral manifestations of cytomegalovirus are rare. Observation: We report the case of an atypical and persistent oral location of cytomegalovirus, in the form of ulcers, in a patient suffering from granulomatosis with polyangiitis and treated by rituximab. Discussion: In front of a chronic ulcer, a differential diagnosis must be made to exclude different etiologies, by order of severity, frequency or according to the clinical situation of the patient. The main differential diagnosis that must be excluded is a squamous-cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Cytomegalovirus ulcers are not specific and its etiology cannot be affirmed clinically. A pathological examination is essential to allow the quick establishing of a treatment in an immuno-compromised patient to prevent further complications.</jats:p

A rare case of cytomegalovirus induced oral ulcer in an immunocompromised patient

Introduction: Oral manifestations of cytomegalovirus are rare. Observation: We report the case of an atypical and persistent oral location of cytomegalovirus, in the form of ulcers, in a patient suffering from granulomatosis with polyangiitis and treated by rituximab. Discussion: In front of a chronic ulcer, a differential diagnosis must be made to exclude different etiologies, by order of severity, frequency or according to the clinical situation of the patient. The main differential diagnosis that must be excluded is a squamous-cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Cytomegalovirus ulcers are not specific and its etiology cannot be affirmed clinically. A pathological examination is essential to allow the quick establishing of a treatment in an immuno-compromised patient to prevent further complications

Thrombasthénie de Glanzmann et avulsions dentaires : à propos d’un cas

Introduction : La thrombasthénie de Glanzmann est une maladie congénitale rare et sévère de l’hémostase primaire. Elle se caractérise par un défaut d’agrégation plaquettaire pouvant entraîner des hémorragies majeures. Elle se transmet sous le mode autosomique récessif. Les patients atteints nécessitent une prise en charge multidisciplinaire lors d’un acte chirurgical. Observation : Il s’agissait d’une femme de 20 ans adressée pour avulsion de 18, 28 et 48 enclavée avec des épisodes de péricoronarites récidivants. Elle présentait une thrombasthénie de Glanzmann depuis l’enfance. Elle rapportait deux épisodes hémorragiques sévères depuis le diagnostic. Le bilan d’hémostase préopératoire a rapporté une Hb à 11 g/dL, des plaquettes à 380 000 g/L, un TCA et un TQ/TP normaux mais un PFA fortement allongé (>100 secondes). Après avis de l’hématologue, le protocole suivant a été adopté : hospitalisation traditionnelle (48 h), choix d’une anesthésie générale avec intubation naso-trachéale, perfusion IV de rFVIIa (Novoseven®) 30 minutes avant l’acte chirurgical puis 2 heures après, 3 grammes d’acide tranexamique (Exacyl®) IV puis per os et en bain de bouche. L’hémostase chirurgicale a associé des sutures à l’utilisation d’oxycellulose (Surgicel®) et de colle de fibrine (Tissucol®) dans les alvéoles et sur les sutures. Les avulsions se sont déroulées sans accident hémorragique per- et postopératoire. Discussion : La thromboasthénie de Glanzmann fait partie des thrombopathies affectant l’agrégation plaquettaire et il en existe deux types. Le diagnostic de certitude repose sur des examens biologiques et une étude génétique. En cas de chirurgie programmée, le médecin référent doit établir un protocole personnalisé en fonction du risque hémorragique du patient. Les traitements hémostatiques par voie générale à disposition sont les transfusions de concentrés plaquettaires ou de facteur VII activé recombinant (Novoseven®). Si le patient présente une allo- ou une iso-immunisation liée aux transfusions plaquettaires, l’utilisation de rFVIIa est recommandée. Conclusion : Le rôle du chirurgien oral est crucial dans la prise en charge de ces patients. Outre la procédure de substitution hématologique, l’efficacité de l’hémostase chirurgicale est conditionnée par une bonne gestion des risques de saignement per- et postopératoire

Patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease have a high risk of lung cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of literature

International audiencePurpose: Lung cancer and atherosclerosis share common risk factors. Literature data suggest that the prevalence of lung malignancy in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is higher than in the general population. Our goal was to determine, through a systematic literature review, the prevalence of lung cancer in patients with PAD.Methods: We consulted available publications in the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov. We included all articles, written in English or French, published between 1990 and 2020 reporting the prevalence of lung cancer in patients with PAD (atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm or peripheral occlusive diseases). Patients with coronary artery disease, cardiac valvulopathy or carotid stenosis were not included. We did not include case reports. We performed a critical analysis of each article. Data were collected from two independent readers. A fixed effect model meta-analysis allowed to estimate a summary prevalence rate.Results: We identified 303 articles, and selected 19 articles according to selection criteria. A total of 16849 patients were included (mean age 68.3 years, 75.1% of males). Aortic aneurysms were found in 29% of patients and atherosclerotic occlusive disease in 66% of patients. Lung cancer was identified in 538 patients, representing a prevalence of 3%.Discussion: Lung cancer is found in 3% of patients with atherosclerotic PAD. This prevalence is higher than that found in lung cancer screening programs performed in the general population of smokers and former smokers. These patients should be screened for lung cancer. Their selection may dramatically increase the benefit of lung cancer screening

Peripheral arterial disease and systematic detection of circulating tumor cells: rationale and design of the DETECTOR prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Smoking is a strong risk factor for cancer and atherosclerosis. Cancer mortality, especially from lung cancer, overtakes cardiovascular (CV) death rate in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Only a few patients with lung cancer after PAD management may benefit from surgical excision. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) associated with low-dose chest CT (LDCT) may improve early cancer detection. This study focuses on a screening strategy that can address not only lung cancer but all tobacco-related cancers in this high-risk population. Methods DETECTOR Project is a prospective cohort study in two French University hospitals. Participants are smokers or former smokers (≥30 pack-years, quitted ≤15 years), aged ≥55 to 80 years, with atherosclerotic PAD or abdominal aortic aneurysm. After the first screening round combining LDCT and CTC search on a blood sample, two other screening rounds will be performed at one-year interval. Incidental lung nodule volume, volume doubling time and presence of CTC will be taken into consideration for adapted diagnostic management. In case of negative LDCT and presence of CTC, a contrast enhanced whole-body PET/CT will be performed for extra-pulmonary malignancy screening. Psychological impact of this screening strategy will be evaluated in population study using a qualitative methodology. Assuming 10% prevalence of smoking-associated cancer in the studied population, a total of at least 300 participants will be enrolled. Discussion Epidemiological data underline an increase incidence in cancer and related death in the follow-up of patients with PAD, compared with the general population, particularly for tobacco-related cancers. The clinical benefit of a special workup for neoplasms in patients with PAD and a history of cigarette smoking has never been investigated. By considering CTCs detection in this very high-risk selected PAD population for tobacco-induced cancer, we expect to detect earlier pulmonary and extra-pulmonary malignancies, at a potentially curable stage. Trial registration The study was registered in the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (No N° EUDRACT_ID RCB: 2016-A00657–44) and was approved by the ethics Committee for Persons Protection (IRB number 1072 and n° initial agreement 2016-08-02; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02849041). </jats:sec