Calcium Carbonate Suppresses Haem Toxicity Markers without Calcium Phosphate Side Effect on Colon Carcinogenesis

Red meat intake is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. We have previously shown that haemin, haemoglobin and red meat promote carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci, in the colon of rats. We have also shown that dietary calcium phosphate inhibits haemin-induced promotion, and normalizes faecal lipoperoxides and cytotoxicity. Unexpectedly, high-calcium phosphate control diet-fed rats had more preneoplastic lesions in the colon than low-calcium control diet-fed rats. The present study was designed to find a calcium supplementation with no adverse effect, by testing several doses and types of calcium salts. One in vitro study and two short-term studies in rats identified calcium carbonate as the most effective calcium salt to bind haem in vitro and to decrease faecal biomarkers previously associated with increased carcinogenesis: faecal water cytotoxicity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. A long term carcinogenesis study in dimethylhydrazine-injected rats demonstrated that a diet containing 100 µmol/g calcium carbonate did not promote aberrant crypt foci, in contrast with previously tested calcium phosphate diet. The results suggest that calcium carbonate, and not calcium phosphate, should be used to reduce haem-associated colorectal cancer risk in meat-eaters. They support the concept that the nature of the associated anion to a protective metal ion is important for chemoprevention

Functional amino acids stimulate muscle development and improve fillet texture of Atlantic salmon

acceptedVersio

USE OF TANNIN RICH PLANTS FOR THE CONTROL OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES IN SMALL RUMINANTS IN ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS.

Gastrointestinal nematodes represent one of the main threat associated with the use of pastures by grazing small ruminants. In organic farming systems, the use of chemical treatments to control these parasitic diseases remain strictly limited. There is thus a need to explore novel, alternative approaches to complement or replace the action of chemical anthelmintics. This seek for novel solutions is also widely required in other farming systems, because of the widespread diffusion of anthelmintic (AH) resistance within worm populations and because of the increasing concern of consumers on drug residues in animal products