Prediction of body compartments by anthropometric indices in multiple linear regression analyses (Women, n = 594).

<p>Total model R² for each body compartment and partial correlation coefficients (95% CI) for anthropometric indices. All variables were adjusted for age and height. TBV = Total body volume, TAT = total adipose tissue, SAT = subcutaneous adipose tissue, VAT = visceral adipose tissue, CAT = coronary adipose tissue, SMT = skeletal muscle tissue, BMI = body mass index, WC = waist circumference, HC = hip circumference. ¹<u>Predictors included</u>: BMI, WC, HC. All variables (predictors and outcome) adjusted by age and height with the residual method. ²Partial correlation coefficients (95% CI) are reported for predictor variables.</p

Anthropometric variables and body compartments as assessed by MRI by sex and age groups¹, all values are presented as mean (min, max).

<p>TBV = total body volume, TAT = total adipose tissue, VAT = visceral adipose tissue, SAT = subcutaneous adipose tissue, CAT = coronary adipose tissue, SMT = skeletal muscle tissue.</p>1<p>Sub-study participants were sampled by baseline age groups (35–44 y, 45–54 y, 55–64 y). Due to the 4-year baseline period (1994–1998), age groups at time of sub-study (2010–2012) may overlap.</p

a–f. Illustration of different MRI body compartments in the sub-study of the German EPIC cohorts.

<p>a–f. Illustration of different MRI body compartments in the sub-study of the German EPIC cohorts.</p

Pearson correlation coefficients (95% CI) between anthropometric and MRI variables adjusted for age and height with the residual method in men (n = 598).

<p>BMI = body mass index, WC = waist circumference, HC = hip circumference, TBV = total body volume, TAT = total adipose tissue, SAT = subcutaneous adipose tissue, VAT = visceral adipose tissue, CAT = coronary adipose tissue, SMT = skeletal muscle tissue.</p

Prediction of body compartments by anthropometric indices in multiple linear regression analyses (Men, n = 598).

<p>Total model R² for each body compartment and partial correlation coefficients (95% CI) for anthropometric indices. All variables were adjusted for age and height. TBV = Total body volume, TAT = total adipose tissue, SAT = subcutaneous adipose tissue, VAT = visceral adipose tissue, CAT = coronary adipose tissue, SMT = skeletal muscle tissue, BMI = body mass index, WC = waist circumference, HC = hip circumference. ¹<u>Predictors included</u>: BMI, WC, HC. All variables (predictors and outcome) adjusted by age and height with the residual method. ²Partial correlation coefficients (95% CI) are reported for predictor variables.</p

Lack of centrioles and primary cilia in <i>STIL^−/−</i> mouse embryos

<div><p>Although most animal cells contain centrosomes, consisting of a pair of centrioles, their precise contribution to cell division and embryonic development is unclear. Genetic ablation of <i>STIL</i>, an essential component of the centriole replication machinery in mammalian cells, causes embryonic lethality in mice around mid gestation associated with defective Hedgehog signaling. Here, we describe, by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, that <i>STIL^−/−</i> mouse embryos do not contain centrioles or primary cilia, suggesting that these organelles are not essential for mammalian development until mid gestation. We further show that the lack of primary cilia explains the absence of Hedgehog signaling in <i>STIL^−/−</i> cells. Exogenous re-expression of STIL or STIL microcephaly mutants compatible with human survival, induced non-templated, <i>de novo</i> generation of centrioles in <i>STIL^−/−</i> cells. Thus, while the abscence of centrioles is compatible with mammalian gastrulation, lack of centrioles and primary cilia impairs Hedgehog signaling and further embryonic development.</p></div