Dietary zinc addition influenced zinc and lipid deposition in the fore- and mid-intestine of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

AbstractThe present study explored the mechanisms of dietary Zn influencing Zn and lipid deposition in the fore- and mid- intestine in yellow catfishPelteobagrus fulvidraco, and investigated whether the mechanism was intestinal-region dependent. For this purpose, yellow catfish were fed three diets containing Zn levels of 8·83, 19·20 and 146·65 mg Zn/kg, respectively. Growth performance, intestinal TAG and Zn contents as well as activities and mRNA expression of enzymes and genes involved in Zn transport and lipid metabolism in the fore- and mid-intestine were analysed. Dietary Zn increased Zn accumulation as well as activities of Cu-, Zn-superoxide dismutase and ATPase in the fore- and mid-intestine. In the fore-intestine, dietary Zn up-regulated mRNA levels of ZnT1, ZnT5, ZnT7, metallothionein (MT) and metal response element-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), but down-regulated mRNA levels of ZIP4 and ZIP5. In the mid-intestine, dietary Zn up-regulated mRNA levels of ZnT1, ZnT5, ZnT7, MT and MTF-1, but down-regulated mRNA levels of ZIP4 and ZIP5. Dietary Zn reduced TAG content, down-regulated activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), malic enzyme (ME) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activities, and reduced mRNA levels of 6PGD, G6PD, FAS, PPARγand sterol-regulator element-binding protein (SREBP-1), but up-regulated mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSLa), adipose TAG lipase (ATGL) and PPARαin the fore-intestine. In the mid-intestine, dietary Zn reduced TAG content, activities of G6PD, ME, isocitrate dehydrogenase and FAS, down-regulated mRNA levels of 6PGD, G6PD, FAS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase a, PPARγand SREBP-1, but up-regulated mRNA expression of HSLa, ATGL and PPARγ. The reduction in TAG content following Zn addition was attributable to reduced lipogenesis and increased lipolysis, and similar regulatory mechanisms were observed between the fore- and mid-intestine.</jats:p

1,4-Bis(pyridin-3-ylmeth­oxy)benzene

The asymmetric unit of the centrosymmetric title compound, C18H16N2O2, contains one half-mol­ecule. The central benzene ring forms a dihedral angle of 66.8 (1)° with two outer aromatic rings. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into sheets parallel to (104)

Identification of 10 SUMOylation-Related Genes From Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and Their Transcriptional Responses to Carbohydrate Addition in vivo and in vitro

SUMOylation is a kind of important post-translational modification. In the present study, we identified 10 key genes involved in SUMOylation and deSUMOylation (sumo1, sumo2, sumo3, sae1, uba2, ubc9, pias1, senp1, senp2, and senp3) in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, investigated their tissue expression patterns and transcriptional responses to carbohydrate addition both in vivo and in vitro. All of these members shared similar domains to their orthologous genes of other vertebrates. Their mRNAs were widely expressed in all the tested tissues, but at variable levels. Dietary carbohydrate levels differentially influenced the mRNA levels of these genes in liver, muscle, testis, and ovary of yellow catfish. Their mRNA levels in primary hepatocytes were differentially responsive to glucose addition. Our study would contribute to our understanding into the molecular basis of SUMOylation modification and into the potential SUMOylation function in the carbohydrate utilization in fish

Phosphatase activities and available nutrients in soil aggregates affected by straw returning to a calcareous soil under the maize–wheat cropping system

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different rates of straw returning on soil aggregate stability, phosphatase activities, and the available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within different soil aggregate sizes. The experiment included five treatments: 1) no straw returning and no chemical fertilizer, 2) chemical fertilizer only (150 kg N ha-1, 75 kg P ha-1, and 75 kg K ha-1), 3) 20% straw returning with chemical fertilizer, 4) 60% straw returning with chemical fertilizer, and 5) 100% straw returning with chemical fertilizer. Soil samples were collected 3.5 years after the start of the experiment and separated into four aggregate sizes (&lt;0.25 mm, 0.25–1 mm, 1–2 mm, and 2–7 mm) using the dry sieving method. Soil acid phosphomonoesterase (AcP) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (AlP); phosphodiesterase (PD); pyrophosphatase (PrA) activities; and soil NO3−−N, NH4+−N, and resin-P were determined within soil aggregates. The results showed that straw returning rates did not significantly impact soil aggregate distribution. However, straw returning increased soil AcP, AlP, and PD in &lt;2 mm aggregates, and high rates of straw returning led to high enzyme activities. Soil phosphatase activities were also higher in 1–2 mm aggregates. All straw returning and chemical fertilization treatments increased soil NO3−−N and resin-P concentrations but had much less effect on soil NH4+−N concentrations. Additionally, the study revealed that soil pH, the concentrations of NH4+−N, NO3−−N, resin-P, and CaCO3 significantly influenced soil phosphatase activities, but their impact varied across different sizes of aggregates

Bis(2-carboxybenzo­ato-κO 1)bis­[1-cyclo­propyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-1,4-dihydro­quinoline-3-carboxyl­ato-κ2 O 3,O 4]manganese(II) dihydrate

The title compound, [Mn(C17H18FN3O3)2(C8H5O4)2]·2H2O or [Mn(cfH)2(1,2-Hbdc)2]·2H2O (cfH = ciprofloxacin = 1-cyclo­propyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazin­yl)-3-quinoline carb­oxy­lic acid, 1,2-bdc = benzene-1,2-dicarboxyl­ate), has been prepared under hydro­thermal conditions. The Mn2+ atom, located on an inversion centre, exhibits a distorted octa­hedral geometry, coordinated by four O atoms from two symmetry-related zwitterionic ciprofloxacin ligands in the equatorial positions and two O atoms of two 1,2-Hbdc ligands in the axial positions. The complex mol­ecules are linked into a two-dimensional network through N—H⋯O and OW—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A strong intramolecular hydrogen bond between the carboxyl/carboxylate groups of the 1,2-Hbdc anion is also present. The layers are further extended through off-set aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions of cfH groups [centroid–centroid distance of 3.657 (2) Å] into the final three-dimensional supra­molecular arrays

Research on privacy information retrieval model based on hybrid homomorphic encryption

Abstract The computational complexity of privacy information retrieval protocols is often linearly related to database size. When the database size is large, the efficiency of privacy information retrieval protocols is relatively low. This paper designs an effective privacy information retrieval model based on hybrid fully homomorphic encryption. The assignment method is cleverly used to replace a large number of homomorphic encryption operations. At the same time, the multiplicative homomorphic encryption scheme is first used to deal with the large-scale serialization in the search, and then the fully homomorphic encryption scheme is used to deal with the remaining simple operations. The depth of operations supported by the fully homomorphic scheme no longer depends on the size of the database, but only needs to support the single homomorphic encryption scheme to decrypt the circuit depth. Based on this hybrid homomorphic encryption retrieval model, the efficiency of homomorphic privacy information retrieval model can be greatly improved

Effect of Supplementation ARA (Arachidonic acid) Oil on Production Performance, Egg quality and Fatty Acid Composition in Laying Hens

The effect of supplementation ARA oil on production performance, egg quality, fatty acid composition in laying hens were examined on this study. The aims on this study to producing ARA enriched eggs to meet infant nutrition requirements. A total of 450 Roman White laying hens with a similar egg production rate and good body condition at 55 weeks of age were randomly divided into 5 treatments. Each treatment was replicated 6 times with 15 hens per replicate.&nbsp; Hens were fed basal diets with 0, 2,5%, 1,25%, 0,625%, and 0,3125% ARA oil addition. The supplementation ARA oil was effect to decreased egg production, egg weight, egg mass, daily feed intake and FCR (P&lt;0.05) during 9-12 week, but on egg quality parameters showed slightly changed during the 1-12 week but not consistency and that change was not statistically significant. Arachidonate acid (ARA) was increased by supplementation ARA oil (P&lt;0.05). This effect was detected in directly proportional to the addition of ARA oil on diet. This is opposite effect to DHA, DHA was decreased by supplementation ARA oil (P&lt;0.05) and also effect to ratio ARA/DHA was increased (P&lt;0.05) by supplementation ARA oil

Effects of Dietary Selenium and Oxidized Fish Oils on Intestinal Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Responses of Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Currently, the effect of selenium and oxidized fish oil interactions on the intestinal lipid metabolism and antioxidant responses of fish remains unknown. Herein, yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (weight: 3.99 &plusmn; 0.01 g) were used as experimental animals and were fed four diets: an adequate amount of selenium (0.25 mg kg&minus;1) with fresh fish oil (A-Se+FFO), an adequate amount of selenium with oxidized fish oil (A-Se+OFO), a high amount of selenium (0.50 mg kg&minus;1) with fresh fish oil (H-Se+FFO), and a high amount of selenium with oxidized fish oil (H-Se+OFO). The feeding experiment was conducted for 10 weeks. The results showed that selenium supplementation alleviated the intestinal tissue damage and reduced the lipid accumulation that was induced by oxidized fish oils. Meanwhile, we also found that 0.50 mg kg&minus;1 selenium reduced the oxidative stress that is caused by oxidized fish oils through increasing the GSH and the activity and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes. Dietary selenium and oxidized fish oils also affected the mRNA expression of intestinal selenoproteins including selenow2a, selenop2, and selenot2. Mechanistically, Se and oxidized eicosapentaenoic acid (oxEPA) influenced the GSH content by affecting the DNA binding ability of activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 to the slc7a11 promoter. For the first time, our results suggested that selenium alleviated the oxidized fish oil-induced intestinal lipid deposition and the oxidative stress of the fish. We also elucidated the novel mechanism of selenium increasing the GSH content by affecting the interaction of ATF3 and the slc7a11 promoter