Zc(3900)/Zc(3885)Z_c(3900)/Z_c(3885) as a virtual state from πJ/ψ−Dˉ∗D\pi J/\psi-\bar{D}^*D interaction

In this work, we study the $J/\psi\pi$ and $\bar{D}^*D$ invariant mass spectra of the $Y(4260)$ decay to find out the origin of the $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_c(3885)$ structures. The $J/\psi \pi-\bar{D}^{*}D$ interaction is studied in a coupled-channel quasipotential Bethe-Saltpeter equation approach, and embedded to the $Y(4260)$ decay process to reproduce both $J/\psi\pi^-$ and $D^{*-}D^0$ invariant mass spectra observed at BESIII simultaneously. It is found out that a virtual state at energy about 3870 MeV is produced from the interaction when both invariant mass spectra are comparable with the experiment. The results support that both $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_c(3885)$ have the same origin, that is, a virtual state from $J/\psi \pi-\bar{D}^*{D}$ interaction, in which the $\bar{D}^*{D}$ interaction is more important and the coupling between $\bar{D}^*{D}$ and $J/\psi\pi$ channels plays a minor role.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, more reference adde

Interpretation of Y(4390)Y(4390) as an isoscalar partner of Z(4430)Z(4430) from D∗(2010)Dˉ1(2420)D^*(2010)\bar{D}_1(2420) interaction

Invoked by the recent observation of $Y(4390)$ at BESIII, which is about 40 MeV below the $D^*(2010)\bar{D}_1(2420)$ threshold, we investigate possible bound and resonance states from the $D^*(2010)\bar{D}_1(2420)$ interaction with the one-boson-exchange model in a quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. A bound state with quantum number $0^-(1^{--})$ is produced at 4384 MeV from the $D^ (2010)\bar{D}_1(2420)$ interaction, which can be related to experimentally observed $Y(4390)$. Another state with quantum number $1^+(1^{+})$ is also produced at $4461+i39$ MeV from this interaction. Different from the $0^-(1^{--})$ state, the $1^+(1^{+})$ state is a resonance state above the $D^*(2010)\bar{D}_1(2420)$ threshold. This resonance state can be related to the first observed charged charmonium-like state $Z(4430)$, which has a mass about 4475 MeV measured above the threshold as observed at Belle and LHCb. Our result suggests that $Y(4390)$ is an isoscalar partner of the $Z(4430)$ as a hadronic-molecular state from the $D^*(2010)\bar{D}_1(2420)$ interaction.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

A novel explanation of charmonium-like structure in e+e−→ψ(2S)π+π−e^+e^-\to \psi(2S)\pi^+\pi^-

We first present a non-resonant description to charmonium-like structure $Y(4360)$ in the $\psi(2S)\pi^+\pi^-$ invariant mass spectrum of the $e^+e^-\to \psi(2S)\pi^+\pi^-$ process. The $Y(4360)$ structure is depicted well by the interference effect of the production amplitudes of $e^{+} e^{-} \to \psi(2S) \pi^+ \pi^-$ via the intermediate charmonia $\psi(4160)/\psi(4415)$ and direct $e^+e^-$ annihilation into $\psi(2S)\pi^+ \pi^-$. This fact shows that $Y(4360)$ is not a genuine resonance, which naturally explains why $Y(4360)$ was only reported in its hidden-charm decay channel $\psi(2S)\pi^+\pi^-$ and was not observed in the exclusive open-charm decay channel or $R$-value scan.Comment: 4 pages, 1 table, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Studies of PPI Dendrimers: Structures, Properties, and Potential Applications

The research reported in this thesis focused on poly (propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers, in terms of their structures, properties and potential applications. Different analytical techniques, including our main research tool, NMR spectroscopy, as well as AFM imaging and UV-vis spectroscopy, were used for the elucidation of structural information. The study showed (1) PPI dendrimers tend to have the extended chain conformation in polar solvents because of the strong interaction between solvent and dendrimer molecules, while in nonpolar solvents the dendrimers are inclined to have the back-folded chain conformation as a result of the weaker interaction between solvent and dendrimer molecules; (2) Inverse micelles between PPI dendrimers and long chain aliphatic acids can be formed successfully and spontaneously through self-assembling in both polar and nonpolar solvents, and the self-assembled inverse micelles have different morphologies in different solvents; (3) PPI dendrimers have shown to have catalytic properties in the hydrolysis of esters under quite mild conditions, e.g., slightly basic solution and room temperature. The role of dendrimers in this catalysis may be as a template to orient the reactants in optimized positions for the hydrolysis reactions. The mechanism of this catalysis is still under investigation

Contractional tectonics : the Himalayan orogen and Perdido fold-thrust belt

This dissertation focuses on the kinematic evolution of two major categories of contractional tectonics: collisional orogenic belts and toe structures of passive margins, which are characterized by fold-thrust belts that are hundreds of kilometer-scale and tens of kilometer-scale, respectively. The Himalayan orogen is an excellent example of collisional orogenic belts along convergent plate boundaries. It is commonly structurally defined as three stacked units separated by two fault systems: the Main Central thrust (MCT) and South Tibet detachment (STD). The development and emplacement of the middle unit, the Himalayan crystalline core, has long been debated within the extrusion framework, a process that involves exhumation of the crystalline core to the surface. Recently, the debate has expanded to two end-member regimes: extrusion versus underplating. To determine how the crystalline core evolved, an integrated investigation was conducted, involving structural mapping, microstructural, quartz c-axis fabric, and geochronological analyses across the northern margins of two frontal klippen in the Nepal Himalaya: the Dadeldhura klippe and Kathmandu Nappe. The work suggests that the STD occurs and merges with the MCT in these two klippen. The merging of the MCT and STD requires that the crystalline core was emplaced at depth via tectonic wedging kinematics, incompatible with extrusion models. By synthesizing the Himalayan evolution history from the development and emplacement of the crystalline core to ongoing deformation, a reconstruction shows that Himalayan mountain-building processes are dominated by underplating. The Perdido fold-thrust belt is a gravity-driven toe structure in the passive margin of the Gulf of Mexico. Structural models for the Perdido fold-thrust belt are highly dependent upon the interpretation of seismic images, which commonly display wipe-out zones associated with faults. Fault interpretations in seismic wipe-out zones are commonly non-unique. Trishear, a quantitative fault-propagation folding model, was applied to an anticlinal structure in the Perdido fold-thrust belt and reproduced the fold geometry. Three dimensional kinematic evolution was reconstructed by interpolating the best-fit models of the serial cross sections. The trishear modeling indicates that the Perdido fold-thrust belt underwent ~7.5-12.5 km shortening, which could balance the landward extension of the passive margin during the same period

Sustainability on display: Semiotic analysis of sustainable fashion visual merchandising

This study aims to explore how sustainability in fashion supply chain from websites of mid-to-high-end fashion brands reflects in their window displays from the perspective of semiotics. On the one hand, window display is an important part of visual merchandising. On the other hand, transparency of information of sustainable supply chain of fashion brands is increasingly important in the establishment of brand image, and consumers pay more attention to information related to brand sustainability. However, there are few studies on how to express sustainability in fashion supply chain on websites through visual merchandising of the window displays of fashion brands. This research enriches the theory in this field by studying the windows as a medium for sustainable information transmission of fashion brands. The main research question of this study is: how sustainability in fashion supply chain is reflected in the mid-to-high-end brand fashion window displays from the perspective of semiotics? Informed by a literature review on visual merchandising and sustainable fashion supply chain, this study adopts a semiotic analysis method to analyze the seven windows of mid-to-high-end brands communicating sustainability. The author applies the semiotic model proposed by Roland Barthes (Barthes, 1968; Chandler, 1994) to the window system to generate “Model of Semiotic Analysis” as well as summarizes how the investigated fashion window displays use visual merchandising methods to express their themes. According to the semiotic model, the author provides analysis based on the three aspects of the visual symbols of the window system, the visual merchandising method and sustainability in fashion supply chain from websites. Findings suggest that the answer to the research question is two-fold. First, the sustainability in fashion supply chain from the perspective of environment and consumer service are predominantly reflected in the website and window design of sustainable fashion brands. Second, in the window with the theme of expressing sustainable supply chain, a) prop is the most popular visual object, followed by texture, and b) rhythm is the most popular visual merchandising method, followed by line

Prediction of a missing higher charmonium around 4.26 GeV in J/ψJ/\psi family

Inspired by the similarity of mass gaps of $J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ families, the prediction of missing higher charmonium with mass $4263$ MeV and very narrow width is made. In addition, the properties of two charmonium-like states, $X(3940)$ and $X(4160)$, and charmonium $\psi(4415)$ are discussed. Here, $X(3940)$ as $\eta_c(3S)$ is established while the explanation of $X(4160)$ to be $\eta_c(4S)$ is fully excluded and $\eta_c(4S)$ is typically a very narrow state. These predictions can be accessible at BESIII, Belle and BelleII in near future.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures and 1 table. More discussions added. Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.

N-Benzoyl-N-(3-methyl­phen­yl)-O-[2-(2-nitro­phen­yl)acet­yl]hydroxyl­amine

In the title mol­ecule, C22H18N2O5, the nitro-substituted ring makes a dihedral angle of 81.9 (1)° with the benzoyl ring and a dihedral angle of 12.1 (1)° with the methyl-substituted ring