Fiscal policy, external debt sustainability, and economic growth: Theory and empirical evidence for selected sub-Saharan African countries

This dissertation compiles three papers extending the ongoing discussion about the medium, to long-term impact of fiscal policy on economic growth. In Chapter I, I examine the overall production structure of the Sub-Saharan African economy, and spell out some specific productivity and growth enhancing macroeconomic policies. An econometric investigation of the role of resource endowment and fiscal policy on economic growth is conducted for two Sub-Saharan African countries. In Chapter II, I present a framework under which I can analyze the long run effects of government expenditures in general, and in particular how public expenditure composition affects economic growth in the specific case of a closed economy. The model is solved, calibrated, and some optimality conditions are derived, explaining how, by shifting the composition of government expenditures on (i) education and health, (ii) public infrastructure investment, (iii) transfers payments, (iv) public consumption, and (v) foreign transfer, one can affect the long term growth of per capita income and other macroeconomic variables. In Chapter III, I extend the analytical model developed in Chapter II to an open economy, where the government has the ability to borrow from international financial markets. The model is specified in such a way that government uses received foreign aid, lump sum taxes on income, and foreign borrowing to finance expenditure on health, education, public infrastructure, and the functioning of public administration. I draw some policy implications after numeric calibration. I then conduct a test for debt sustainability to evaluate the feasibility of the policy prescriptions advocated by the model, by applying it to Botswana and Mauritius, and draw some policy implications

Étude de la mise en place d’une solution de contrôle d’accès au réseau à travers le protocole 802.1X

Information technologies security is a major challenge for governments. 802.1x protocol, a standard which provides network access control, has been massively adopted on wireless networks. However, on wired networks, for different considerations many companies did not deploy this technology. Due to increasing security concerns, the protocol is back to light for wired networks and we found out that combined with other technologies, it brings significant advantages for network management. This thesis bring up a contribution to strength access control on wired network infrastructure used inside the French Economy and Finance MinistryLa sécurité des systèmes d’information est un enjeu majeur pour l’État. Le protocole 802.1x est un standard permettant le contrôle de l’accès au réseau qui a été rapidement adopté sur les réseaux sans fils. En revanche, sur les réseaux filaires, la frilosité des entreprises a ralenti son expansion. Revenu au goût du jour grâce aux enjeux de sécurité de plus en plus croissants sur les réseaux internes, il peut apporter des avantages non négligeables en termes de gestion lorsqu’il est combiné avec d’autres technologies. Ce mémoire apporte une réflexion puis une solution pour renforcer le contrôle de l’accès aux réseaux informatiques filaires des Ministères Économiques et Financiers par le protocole 802.1X

Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Stability Under Alternative Demand Regimes

In this paper we analyse the interaction of macroeconomic activity and the dynamics of real wages from a theoretical perspective. By means of a system-dynamic approach we investigate the economic viability of wage- and profit-led demand regimes by analysing not only the effect of real wages on output, but also the feedback mechanisms of macroeconomic activity on the real wages. Furthermore, in this context, we focus on the role of monetary policy as a macroeconomic stabilisation mechanism in the two mentioned demand regimes

Reconsidering the Dynamic Interaction Between Real Wages and Macroeconomic Activity

In this paper we investigate the role and the feedback structure of income distribution in the macro-dynamics of the U.S. economy after World War II. Among other things we analyze both theoretically and empirically the influence of job insiders on wage determination. Furthermore, by means of system GMM estimation we find empirical evidence of a negative dependence of the goods market dynamics on the development of functional income distribution in the U.S. economy