From Pervert to Predator: Law, Medicine, Media, and the Construction of Contemporary Sexual Deviance

This Dissertation examines how cultural and legal interactions shift the meaning and implications of “predatory” sexual behavior. Specifically, it explores how lawmaking processes, media coverage, and therapeutic jurisprudence have shifted the way that sexually predatory behavior is categorized and defined in California’s 1996 Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) Act. Drawing on fieldwork; interviews with experts working in law, medicine, politics, and advocacy; and legal and media content analysis, I develop three substantive chapters exploring different institutions’ impact on this law. Chapter Two of the dissertation introduces the SVP Act and examines changes to the law made via Proposition 83, a 2006 voter-initiated statute. Drawing on comparative analysis of legislative history, text, and debates, this chapter demonstrates how the Proposition system allowed for the incorporation of rhetoric that the legislative system did not, justifying different legal penalties for sexual predators at each point in time. Chapter Three uses content analysis of 323 Los Angeles Times articles about sexual predators over the span of 25 years to examine shifting representations of sexual predator victims, crimes, and offenders. Chapter Four examines how interactions between legal and medical actors and systems transform SVP treatment into punishment. Taken together, these chapters illustrate how different aspects of law, medicine, and popular opinion interact to construct sexual predators as increasingly monstrous, and provide a framework to begin to understand the impact and implications of this construction for both sex offenders and victims

How Children of LGBQ Parents Negotiate Courtesy Stigma over the Life Course

Drawing on in-depth interviews with 28 U.S. adults who have at least one lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer (LGBQ) parent, we examine how this group negotiates the courtesy stigma of a parent’s sexual identity over the life course. Respondents reported less control over revealing courtesy stigma during childhood, when they were closely linked to their parents, but increased ability to conceal parents’ sexual orientation as they aged. During childhood and adolescence, parents’ gender presentation and choice of partner(s) impacted the visibility and degree of courtesy stigma, as did their peer networks and social environments. As adults, respondents continued to face issues of visibility; those who identified as heterosexual struggled to gain acceptance within LGBQ communities, while those who identified as LGBQ negotiated fears about how their own sexual orientation reflected upon their families of origin. Recognizing that people with one or more LGBQ parents face courtesy—rather than direct—stigma sheds light on past research, while providing a sociological framework with which to analyze future work on this population

Representation Matters: No Child Should Appear in Immigration Proceedings Alone

Each year, thousands of immigrant children are placed into court proceedings in which government prosecutors seek to deport them unless those children can prove they have a right to stay in the United States. Many face these immigration proceedings alone. Many children have legal options that establish their ability to remain in the United States, but these options are nearly impossible to access without the assistance of trained attorneys. Unfortunately, although the right to be represented by legal counsel is recognized in immigration proceedings, the right to appointed counsel is not. Children who are unable to find free counsel or afford private counsel must navigate the immigration system alone. This fact sheet outlines why universal, publicly funded representation for children in immigration proceedings is urgently needed

Physical and sexual violence, childhood sexual abuse and HIV/STI risk behaviour among alcohol-using women engaged in sex work in Mongolia

Although the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Mongolia is low, it could increase without strategic prevention strategies. Female sex workers (FSWs) often experience barriers to prevention, including interpersonal violence. This study investigated if childhood sexual abuse (CSA) or recent physical or sexual violence was associated with HIV sexual risk behaviours and if CSA modified associations between recent violence and HIV sexual risk behaviours. Two-hundred twenty-two women who (1) were at least 18 years old and clients at the National AIDS Foundation; (2) reported vaginal or anal sex in the past 90 days in exchange for money or goods and (3) met criteria for harmful alcohol use in the past year were enrolled. In-person interviews assessed sexual risk behaviours and violence in childhood and adulthood. Negative binomial regression, ordinary least squares regression and modified Poisson regression were performed. Sexual risk with paying partners was associated with penetrative CSA and sexual violence by paying partners. CSA and recent violence were not associated with sexual risk behaviours with intimate partners. CSA modified the association between recent sexual violence and unprotected sex with intimate partners. Findings highlight the need for integrated violence and sexual risk reduction services to ensure safe and effective prevention for FSWs