19 research outputs found
Effect of the Lignin Structure on the Physicochemical Properties of Lignin-Grafted-Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Its Application for Water/Oil Separation
Lignin-grafted poly(ε-caprolactone)
copolymers
(lignin-g-PCLs) have shown wide application potentials
in coatings, biocomposites, and biomedical fields. However, the structural
heterogeneity of lignin affecting the structures and properties of
lignin-g-PCL has been scarcely investigated. Herein,
kraft lignin is fractionated into four precursors, namely, Fins, F1, F2, and F3, with declining molecular weights and increased
hydroxyl contents. Lignin-g-PCLs are synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone with lignin and characterized by GPC, FTIR, 1H and 31P NMR, DSC, TGA, and iGC. The mechanical properties,
UV barrier, and enzymatic biodegradability of the lignin-g-PCLs are evaluated. Results show that lignin with a higher molecular
weight and aliphatic OH favors the copolymerization, leading to lignin-g-PCLs with longer PCL arms. Moreover, lignin incorporation
improves the thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and UV-blocking ability
but reduces the lipase hydrolyzability of the copolymers. We also
demonstrated that the lignin-g-PCL-coated filter
paper could successfully separate chloroform–, petroleum ether–,
and hexane–water mixtures with an efficiency up to 99.2%. The
separation efficiency remains above 90% even after 15 cycles. The
structural differences of copolymers derived from the fractionation
showed minimal influence on the separation efficiency. This work provides
new insights into lignin-based copolymerization and the versatility
of lignin valorization
Effect of the Lignin Structure on the Physicochemical Properties of Lignin-Grafted-Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Its Application for Water/Oil Separation
Lignin-grafted poly(ε-caprolactone)
copolymers
(lignin-g-PCLs) have shown wide application potentials
in coatings, biocomposites, and biomedical fields. However, the structural
heterogeneity of lignin affecting the structures and properties of
lignin-g-PCL has been scarcely investigated. Herein,
kraft lignin is fractionated into four precursors, namely, Fins, F1, F2, and F3, with declining molecular weights and increased
hydroxyl contents. Lignin-g-PCLs are synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone with lignin and characterized by GPC, FTIR, 1H and 31P NMR, DSC, TGA, and iGC. The mechanical properties,
UV barrier, and enzymatic biodegradability of the lignin-g-PCLs are evaluated. Results show that lignin with a higher molecular
weight and aliphatic OH favors the copolymerization, leading to lignin-g-PCLs with longer PCL arms. Moreover, lignin incorporation
improves the thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and UV-blocking ability
but reduces the lipase hydrolyzability of the copolymers. We also
demonstrated that the lignin-g-PCL-coated filter
paper could successfully separate chloroform–, petroleum ether–,
and hexane–water mixtures with an efficiency up to 99.2%. The
separation efficiency remains above 90% even after 15 cycles. The
structural differences of copolymers derived from the fractionation
showed minimal influence on the separation efficiency. This work provides
new insights into lignin-based copolymerization and the versatility
of lignin valorization
Effect of the Lignin Structure on the Physicochemical Properties of Lignin-Grafted-Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Its Application for Water/Oil Separation
Lignin-grafted poly(ε-caprolactone)
copolymers
(lignin-g-PCLs) have shown wide application potentials
in coatings, biocomposites, and biomedical fields. However, the structural
heterogeneity of lignin affecting the structures and properties of
lignin-g-PCL has been scarcely investigated. Herein,
kraft lignin is fractionated into four precursors, namely, Fins, F1, F2, and F3, with declining molecular weights and increased
hydroxyl contents. Lignin-g-PCLs are synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone with lignin and characterized by GPC, FTIR, 1H and 31P NMR, DSC, TGA, and iGC. The mechanical properties,
UV barrier, and enzymatic biodegradability of the lignin-g-PCLs are evaluated. Results show that lignin with a higher molecular
weight and aliphatic OH favors the copolymerization, leading to lignin-g-PCLs with longer PCL arms. Moreover, lignin incorporation
improves the thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and UV-blocking ability
but reduces the lipase hydrolyzability of the copolymers. We also
demonstrated that the lignin-g-PCL-coated filter
paper could successfully separate chloroform–, petroleum ether–,
and hexane–water mixtures with an efficiency up to 99.2%. The
separation efficiency remains above 90% even after 15 cycles. The
structural differences of copolymers derived from the fractionation
showed minimal influence on the separation efficiency. This work provides
new insights into lignin-based copolymerization and the versatility
of lignin valorization
Effect of the Lignin Structure on the Physicochemical Properties of Lignin-Grafted-Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Its Application for Water/Oil Separation
Lignin-grafted poly(ε-caprolactone)
copolymers
(lignin-g-PCLs) have shown wide application potentials
in coatings, biocomposites, and biomedical fields. However, the structural
heterogeneity of lignin affecting the structures and properties of
lignin-g-PCL has been scarcely investigated. Herein,
kraft lignin is fractionated into four precursors, namely, Fins, F1, F2, and F3, with declining molecular weights and increased
hydroxyl contents. Lignin-g-PCLs are synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone with lignin and characterized by GPC, FTIR, 1H and 31P NMR, DSC, TGA, and iGC. The mechanical properties,
UV barrier, and enzymatic biodegradability of the lignin-g-PCLs are evaluated. Results show that lignin with a higher molecular
weight and aliphatic OH favors the copolymerization, leading to lignin-g-PCLs with longer PCL arms. Moreover, lignin incorporation
improves the thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and UV-blocking ability
but reduces the lipase hydrolyzability of the copolymers. We also
demonstrated that the lignin-g-PCL-coated filter
paper could successfully separate chloroform–, petroleum ether–,
and hexane–water mixtures with an efficiency up to 99.2%. The
separation efficiency remains above 90% even after 15 cycles. The
structural differences of copolymers derived from the fractionation
showed minimal influence on the separation efficiency. This work provides
new insights into lignin-based copolymerization and the versatility
of lignin valorization
Upregulation of TNF-R<sub>1</sub> and IL-1R<sub>1</sub> expression in primary cultured oligodendrocytes following hypoxia.
<p>Confocal images showing TNF-R<sub>1</sub> and IL-1R<sub>1</sub> expression (B, E, H, K, red) in primary cultured oligodendrocytes labeled with APC (A, D, G, J, green) in both control and hypoxia for 3 h. Note TNF-R<sub>1</sub> and IL-1R<sub>1</sub> immunofluroscence intensity is markedly enhanced after hypoxic exposure (E, K) in comparison with the control (B, H). Scale bars: A–L, 50 µm.</p
Frequency of the susceptible three-locus HLA haplotypes in ESRD patients and controls (ordered by statistical significance for susceptible haplotypes).
a<p>Listed are only the top 5% of all the HLA-A-B-DRB1 haplotypes with significant uncorrected P-value.</p>b<p>Using Fisher exact test.</p>c<p>P values were adjusted by Bonferroni method. Multiplicative factor was used for each haplotype.</p