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Not AvailableIncreasing demand of water for industrial, domestic and power sectors necessitates urgent need for development of water saving technologies to ensure accessibility of water to every field (Har khet ko pani) through following the approach – “per drop more crop” in agriculture. Efficient water management in agriculture is the major challenge to ensure sustainable food production in India. While, the situation is more aggravating in mostly rainfed type of farming in hill and mountains. Low productivity and cropping intensity, subsistence level of farming are attributed to poor water resource development in the hilly areas. To enhance the productivity and livelihood in the Himalayan foothills, a participatory gravity-fed Irrigation System has been developed with major emphasis on the participation of beneficiary farmers in all activities, starting from surveying, planning, implementation, monitoring and operation of the system. In this endeavor, 1830 m GI pipeline (100 mm ) from source to Distribution Tank (DT) as a water conveyance and 1500 m PVC pipeline (110 mm ) as a water distribution are laid out in the command area (26.28 ha) in the adopted villages – Pasauli and Devthala. The conveyance efficiency was recorded > 95 % with design discharge at remotest riser in the command area. Productivity of major crops increased by 48% with enhanced cropping intensity by 29% due to the intervening crop of Toria in between Maize-Wheat sequence. Cultivation of Rabi wheat on fallow land resulted increased additional net income of Rs. 17500/- ha. Availability of fodder increased by 350% resulted in increased milk productivity by 97% due to introduction of hybrid Napier grass on field bunds and higher productivity of fodder sorghum and Berseem. This has also reduced dependency on forest for fodder by 60%. Additional regular employment generated to the tune of 65 mandays per ha per annum.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn on-farm-research (OFR) was conducted during 1996-97 to 1997-98 under users conditions to see tht.. effect of profile modification on survival, growth and leaf nutrient contents in grafted mango plants under rainfed gravely land (64% gravels by weight) in foothills of north-western Himalayan region. The investigation was carried out in participatory mode by involving 13 farm families at all the stages of experimentation. The pit profile (1 m3) was manipulated by different pit filling mixtures along with farmers practice i.e. pit filling by excavated soil only as control. Among different treatments, the pit filling by good soil and farm yard manure (FYM) in the ratio of 2:1 + 2 kg dry leaves (T5) gave best response in term of plant survival (72.17%) and growth prarameters. The next best treatment was T4,-good soil + FYM closely followed by T3,-good soil only having 70.50 and 69.08 per cent field survival, respectively. However, the leaf nutrient content did not make any impact at this stage but it showed positive trend with moisture holding capacity of the profile. As the extent of participation, most of the field activities were carried out by the family members while plant material, chemicals and technical guidance were given by the core team under the pilot project "Institution-Village-Linkage Programme (IVLP)". Therefore, the cost of establishment was practically very low but it was Rs. 11,868/ha for the best treatment (T5) when computed by converting all the establishment inputs in monetary value. The present investigation was nor only conducted to identify a suitable pit filling mixture for gravely land but it has also served as field demonstration block for quick adoption of desired findings by the farmers.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe important soil quality indicators were investigated under different land use systems namely, sal forest, agroforestry, rainfed cropland and irrigated cropland to provide base line data for future research in lower north western Himalayan region. The soil properties such as soil depth, texture, organic carbon, total N, available P, available K, CEC and soil pH were investigated for each land use system to assess relative soil quality index (RSQI). The study revealed that there were significant differences in soil quality parameters under different land use systems. The study further revealed that soil quality index (SQI) values varied from 337 in sal forest to 257 in rainfed cropland inDungakhet village indicating the superiority of forest land use system in terms of maintaining greater SQI than other land-use systems. Similar trend was also observed in the other site of the study area. Analysis of data on RSQI revealed that the soil quality index for rainfed cropland was 23.74% lower in Dungakhet and 19.88% lower in Pasauli than the reference sal forest. In general, intensive tillage practices have degraded most of the important soil quality indicators. Therefore, reducing the intensive tillage practices and use of integrated inorganic and organic fertilizers could replenish the degraded soil quality for sustainable agricultural production in the study area.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn India an estimated 121 million hectare (Mha) suffers from various forms of land degradation and it has been identified as one of the most serious problems that threaten the sustainability of agriculture. Over the past decades successive development projects have promoted a variety of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures to addressing the problems of low agricultural productivity and soil degradation. However, these measures have seldom been adopted on a large scale. Social scientists have been seeking to understand the reasons for their adoption and non-adoption. This paper reviews the past studies in order to identify those socio-economic, institutional and technical factors that explain adoption or lack of it for understanding the success or failure of these SWC measures. The results showed that educational level of the household head, awareness, age, land holding size, perceptions about soil erosion, access to credit; land tenure, off-farm employment and income, information sources and extension contact significantly affect farmers' adoption decision and the extent of soil and water conservation measures. Therefore, to encourage adoption of improved conservation measures, the extension, institutional support programs and projects that promote soil and water conservation measures should have strategies which focus on enhancing the awareness and willingness of farmers along with increasing income of the farmers.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableRain dependent farming in North Western Himalaya (NWH) is in a vicious cycle of livelihood insecurity-resource degradation. This vicious cycle was unchained by putting participatory knowledge generated on resource conservation, production and local institutional mechanism in action during 2007-08 to 2013-14 in four villages of NWH. Tool-kit approach was adopted for boundary work, implementation and monitoring of the project data and analysis. Results showed that food deficit villages (before project) were converted in food surplus after the project except pulses. The project generated ` 523 24 lakh Net Present Value (NPV) with a Benefit Cost (B:C) ratio of 2.59, and investment made can be recovered by 4 years at 10% discount rate considering 30 year period of analysis. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the project can sustain firmly under any odd situation of (i) rise in cost by 10%, (ii) decrease in benefits by 10% and (iii) reduction in project period by 50%, individually and their all possible combinations together. It is evident from the value of economic evaluation criteria; NPV of 203.26 lakh, B:C ratio 1.64:1, 6 years payback period and 48.3% Internal Rate of Return (IRR) under worst situation when all the assumed eventualities occur together. It can be concluded that such projects are financially sound investment venture and be replicated in other villages in the region. Natural resource management activities worked as catalyst in achieving sustainable livelihood security under rain dependent farming situation. Good boundary work for proactive participation of all stakeholders at all the three stages of project (planning, implementation and evaluation), jointly setting boundary objectives, strategies; and finally putting local institutional mechanism in place towards ensuring benefit flow in perpetuity that holds the key for success of rain dependent agricultural projectsNot Availabl

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Not AvailableIncreasing demand of water for industrial, domestic and power sectors necessitates urgent need for development of water saving technologies to ensure accessibility of water to every field (Har khet ko pani) through following the approach - “per drop more crop” in agriculture. Efficient water management in agriculture is the major challenge to ensure sustainable food production in India. While, the situation is more aggravating in mostly rainfed type of farming in hill and mountains. Low productivity and cropping intensity, subsistence level of farming is attributed to poor water resource development in the hilly areas. To enhance the productivity and livelihood in the Himalayan foothills, a participatory gravity-flow Irrigation System has been developed with major emphasis on the participation of beneficiary farmers in all activities starting from surveying, planning, implementation, monitoring and operation of the system. In this endeavor, 1830 m GI pipeline (100 mm diameter) from source to Distribution Tank (DT) as a water conveyance and 1500 m PVC pipeline (110 mm ) as a water distribution are laid out in the command area (26.28 ha) in the adopted villages-Pasauli and Devthala of Dehradun district in Uttarakhand. The conveyance efficiency was recorded >95% of the system starting from source to remotest riser in the command area. Discharge of randomly selected risers were taken in 2016 and found a 10-16% variation between designed (estimated) and obser ved data. Check basin border size for efficient irrigation were optimized using SIRMOD. Productivity of major crops increased by 48% with enhanced cropping intensity by 29% due to intervening crop of Toria in between Maize-Wheat sequence. Cultivation of rabi wheat on fallow land resulted increased additional net income of ` 17500/- ha.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIncreasing demand of water for industrial, domestic and power sectors necessitates urgent need for development of water saving technologies to ensure accessibility of water to every field (Har khet ko pani) through following the approach - “per drop more crop” in agriculture. Efficient water management in agriculture is the major challenge to ensure sustainable food production in India. While, the situation is more aggravating in mostly rainfed type of farming in hill and mountains. Low productivity and cropping intensity, subsistence level of farming is attributed to poor water resource development in the hilly areas. To enhance the productivity and livelihood in the Himalayan foothills, a participatory gravity-flow Irrigation System has been developed with major emphasis on the participation of beneficiary farmers in all activities starting from surveying, planning, implementation, monitoring and operation of the system. In this endeavor, 1830 m GI pipeline (100 mm diameter) from source to Distribution Tank (DT) as a water conveyance and 1500 m PVC pipeline (110 mm ) as a water distribution are laid out in the command area (26.28 ha) in the adopted villages-Pasauli and Devthala of Dehradun district in Uttarakhand. The conveyance efficiency was recorded >95% of the system starting from source to remotest riser in the command area. Discharge of randomly selected risers were taken in 2016 and found a 10-16% variation between designed (estimated) and obser ved data. Check basin border size for efficient irrigation were optimized using SIRMOD. Productivity of major crops increased by 48% with enhanced cropping intensity by 29% due to intervening crop of Toria in between Maize-Wheat sequence. Cultivation of rabi wheat on fallow land resulted increased additional net income of ` 17500/- ha.Not Availabl

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