Process Development For The Fabrication Of Mesoscale Electrostatic Valve Assembly

This study concentrates on two of the main processes involved in the fabrication of electrostatic valve assembly, thick resist photolithography and wet chemical etching of a polyamide film. The electrostatic valve has different orifice diameters of 25, 50, 75 and 100 µm. These orifice holes are to be etched in the silicon wafer with deep reactive ion etching. The photolithography process is developed to build a mask of 15 µm thick resist pattern on silicon wafer. This photo layer acts as a mask for deep reactive ion etching. Wet chemical etching process is developed to etch kapton polyamide film. This etched film is used as a stand off, gap between two electrodes of the electrostatic valve assembly. The criterion is to develop the processed using standard industry tools. Pre post etch effects, such as, surface roughness, etching pattern, critical dimensions on the samples are measured with Veeco profilometer

P311 downregulates TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 expression but not TGF-β3 during myofibroblast transformation

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The Evolution and Preservation of Video Games: An Artistic and Cultural Journey

From the first time I held a game controller, video games have been a fundamental part of my life. They started as simple, pixel-filled adventures on early consoles and have grown into the vast, immersive worlds we explore on today’s advanced systems. For me, they’ve always been more than just a way to pass the time; they’ve been gateways to alternate realities where creativity, interaction, and storytelling seamlessly come together. Over the years, video games have transformed from casual hobbies into intricate cultural phenomena and, importantly, into a recognized art form. In this essay, I contend that video games are not only significant technological and cultural milestones but also invaluable works of art that deserve preservation for future generations. While some academic circles still debate whether video games qualify as art, to me, the answer is unmistakable: they are. And like any other art form, they need to be preserved. A study by the Video Game History Foundation found that 87% of classic video games released in the United States are no longer commercially available (VGHF, 2023). This alarming statistic highlights the fragility of this art form and the pressing need for proactive preservation efforts