Giant sialolith of submandibular gland: A case report

Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of the salivary glands after mumps. The main site of salivary gland stones formation is the submandibular gland, followed by parotid and sublingual gland. Here, we report the case of a 70-year-old male with giant submandibular gland calculus of size 3.3 cm × 2.1 cm × 1.5 cm with an inflamed gland. We reviewed the literature and found that submandibular gland sialolith measuring 10 mm in greatest dimension is very common, but large sialolith like the one seen in this case is relatively rare and only 18 cases have been reported in the literature with calculus size >3.0 cm till date. The largest reported sialolith was 6 cm in length and had a weight of 50 g. Non-enhanced computed tomography is recommended when salivary stones are suspected

Role of magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transrectal ultrasound in evaluation of prostatic pathologies with focus on prostate cancer

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is an important medical and socio-economical problem due to its increasing incidence. The development of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, and a continuing decrease in the rates of other common neoplasms, such as lung and stomach since mid-1980s, prostate cancer has become one of the most common cancers among men. Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men, preceded only by lung cancer, and its early diagnosis is crucial for a successful treatment, that will prolong survival and improve quality of life. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in detecting prostatic pathologies and staging of prostate cancer by correlating these methods with histopathological results. Material/Methods: The study is a cross-sectional diagnostic study performed in 66 patients with a high degree of clinical suspicion of prostatic pathology. All patients underwent TRUS, T1W, T2W, DWI, and 3D PRESSMRS sequences, and we also calculated ADC values and Cho Cr/Cit MRS ratios for all patients. Results: Combination of MRI and MRS showed the highest diagnostic accuracy among the imaging modalities in detecting of prostatic neoplasm, followed by MRI, and then by TRUS. MRS plays a complementary role to MRI, by increasing its diagnostic accuracy. Due to a high cost, limited availability and increased scanning time, combination of MRI and MRS is currently not recommended as a first line investigation for detecting prostate neoplasms, hence USG (TRUS) remains the first line investigation due to its low cost, easy availability, time effectiveness and comparable efficacy. Conclusions: MRI MRS has more diagnostic accuracy than MRI alone for detection of prostate pathologies. MRS, plays significant complementary role and should be included in the routine MR imaging protocols. MRI helps in diagnosis, localization, better tissue characterization and staging of prostate cancer. TRUS is easily available, cost effective and has comparable efficacy

Intraluminal Submucosal Lipoma as a Lead Point Causing Colo-colic Intussusception: A Case Report

Adult colo-colic intussusception is very rare and it poses a diagnostic challenge in the geriatric population. The clinical diagnosis can be difficult due to non specific presenting complaints. However, it is a surgical emergency with high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical exploration is the recommended treatment as most cases involve a pathological lead point. In this case report, the authors present the case of a 50-year-old female patient who complained of pain in the left lumbar region, loose stools, and loss of appetite for one month. Ultrasound (US) revealed an echogenic mass with a typical bowel within-bowel appearance. Contrastenhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) of the abdomen showed telescoping of the proximal descending colon into the distal descending colon. Additionally, a fat density rounded lesion was observed on CT. The wall of the descending colon exhibited enhancement, indicating viable large bowel loops. Colonoscopy revealed a polypoid growth. The patient subsequently underwent surgery, confirming all imaging findings. Resection and anastomosis of the colon were performed, with an intraluminal lipoma identified as the primary cause of the colo-colic intussusception. The postoperative period of up to three months was uneventful. US and CT play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and prevention of serious complications