Mast Cell Stabilization Effect of Euphorbia Tirucalli L. by In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Methods

Mast cells are major effector cells of inflammation which plays a significant role in asthma pathophysiology by releasing proinflammatory mediators. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, a group of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. Euphorbia tirucalli L. is used in the traditional medicine for treatment of several diseases including bronchial asthma. The present study was aimed to explore the mast cell stabilization effect of Euphorbia tirucalli L. by in silico docking, in vitro 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition assay and in vivo Ovalbumin-induced asthma in rat model. Asthma was induced by administration of Ovalbumin through intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) injection and inhalation in Wistar rats (n = 30). Changes in the body weight and its relative lung weight, the number of inflammatory cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in serum, Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in lung homogenate and histopathological examination of lung tissues were investigated in Aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli L. (AEET) and Ketotifen treated groups. AEET of 100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg and Ketotifen of 1 mg/kg was given p.o. 5-Lipoxygenase assay using the substrate linoleic acid manifested greater inhibitory effect and showed the IC50 value of 3.7 μg/ml for AEET and 1.3 μg/ml for Ketotifen. Highest binding energy provided by docking study performed using AutoDock 4.2 for the target FcεRI (8.84 kcal/mol for cycloartenol) and 5-Lipoxygenase (8.12kcal/mole for glut-5-en-3-β-ol) against reported active constituents. The mast cell stabilization property of AEET might be due to the suppression of inflammatory cells, IgE, CRP, oxidative stress and prevention of lung airway inflammation. Hence, traditional use of Euphorbia tirucalli L. against asthma could be attributed to its mast cell stabilization property as observed in the present study

Association of serum neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels with preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a systemic disorder that affects multiple organs and is characterized by the new onset of hypertension and proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction or both in the second half of pregnancy. NGAL is a 25-KDa protein of the lipocalin family and is considered to be a novel biomarker for ischemic injury. The objective of this study is to compare the levels of serum NGAL in preeclamptic patients and gestational age matched normotensive controls.Methods: The study design is case control study in which pregnant women with preeclampsia (n=40) are selected as cases. Cases were selected from pregnant women attending OG-OPD and IP satisfying the inclusion criteria and not coming under exclusion criteria. 0.5ml of blood was collected in vacutainers and was centrifuged at 3500rpm for 10 minutes. The serum thus separated was aliquoted into smaller plain containers and stored at -20 degree Celsius for analysis. The urine sample was also collected. Controls were also selected from the OP patients.Results: In present study, the serum NGAL ranged from 40-900ng/ml in cases and from 110-795ng/ml in controls. There is no difference in NGAL between cases and control. The correlation coefficients between the NGAL levels and other parameters like maternal age, gestational age, systolic Blood pressure, diastolic Blood pressure, uric acid levels, urine PCR are also not statistically significant.Conclusions: Serum NGAL levels are not significantly elevated in patients with preeclampsia when compared with the normotensive controls and also there is no significant correlation between serum NGAL levels and other assessed parameters

Minimizing Energy Consumption Using Internet of Things

Now a days using of internet is growing faster. All things are connected using internet. Internet of things means connecting all the devices using internet. These issues become crucial in large scale of IoT environments which are composed of thousands of distributed devices. The more number of distributed systems consumes more amount of energy. This paper is to minimize energy during data transfer and to minimize loss of packets and time delay. In this we are using Ant Colony Optimization algorithm for clustering the data nodes and transferring data with less energy consumption

Study on outcome of N-acetylcysteine in rodenticide poisoning cases in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Rodenticide is one of the pesticides and heterogeneous substances used to kill rats. Rodenticide poisoning is the major health problem in Asian countries, particularly mode of self-poisoning, prevalent in India. It causes hepatotoxicity and no antidote has been found. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a powerful antioxidant and used in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.  The aim of the study is to find the outcome of use of NAC in rodenticide poisoning.  The main objectives of this study were to determine the role of NAC in liver impairment rodenticide poisoning patients.   Methods: A record based observational study was conducted for the period of 3 months from August 2019 to October 2019 at Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu. Data were collected according to the proforma designed and results were analyzed using standard methods.Results: Out of 50 patients, 21 (42%) were males and 29 (58%) were females. Age group between 21-30 years contributes the highest 20 (40%). Majority of type of rodenticide compound consumed by patients were paste 29 (58%) and less than four hours 34 (68%) patients were admitted. Patients with abnormal liver functions were tested, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/ aspartate aminotransferase -12 patients, 7 treated with NAC. serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase/ alanine aminotransferase - 9 patients, 2 treated with NAC. 37 (74%) were recovered out of 50 (100%), among them 28 (56%) treated with NAC.Conclusions: In liver impairment rodenticide poisoning patients, early use of NAC shows a significant result and the rate of recovery is also high

Simulation of a dipeptide Boc-Ile-Ile-NHMe as a drug carrier

Reverse micelles are discrete nanoscale particles composed of a water core surrounded by surfactant. In this current study the the self assembling properties of the dipeptide Boc-Ile-Ile-NHMe in chloroform to form a stable micelle at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 350 Kelvin has been analysed using insilico methods. The computational analysis was carried out using the steepest descent algorithm, a minimization tool used to study the protein energy level in insilco and it was compared with the thermodynamic parameters determined experimentally. Such reverse micelles finds a vast area of application one of which is drug delivery in nanotechnology. The present dipeptide is shown to carry drugs by insilico methods.   Key words: Reverse micelles, tetra peptide, minimization, drug delivery, nanotechnology

Pilot scale microbial production and optimization of Serratia peptidase from Serratia marcescens

Serratia peptidase is active proteolytic enzyme which has the potential of cleaving peptide bond.  Present investigation deals about the Microbial production of serratia peptidase using Serratia marcescens in small scale fermentor. Batch fermentor has been run continuously throughout the night to analyze the production of protein as well as kinetics. Culture broth was maintained at 150rpm for 72 hrs. Protein sample was isolated by centrifuging at 3000rpm for 10mints. The result revealed that Serratia marcescens showed the enormous production of protein in fed batch fermentor compared to the small scale level.  Different substrates were been used for the production of enzyme. Among all cysteine showed the better activity as 2 units/ml of enzyme. Enzymatic assay of Serratia peptidase was done at different time interval of crude broth. Enzyme activity showed that maximum at 40ºC for 72hrs. It was observed that 0.65 units/ml of enzyme. Fed batch pilot scale production of Serratia peptidase was done at 0.5%cystein and 700rpm for 48hrs of run time.Â

NANOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ENHANCE THE STABILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF THE HERBAL DRUG "MURVA"

Murva (Maerua oblongifolia) contains numerous bioactive compounds that may provide multiple health benefits, including anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-pyretic and anti-diabetic. Most of the therapeutic effects of murva have been attributed due to the presence of triterpenoids and alkaloids, in their composition. Although these compounds have been shown promising therapeutic effects under in-vitro conditions, they met with limited efficacy in clinical settings due to various reasons such as poor oral absorption and bioavailability. Different techniques have been proposed to improve the stability and bioavailability of the herbal drugs. Among such strategies, nanoparticulate based drug delivery systems are novel and promising tools. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles containing Murva (CNP1-CNP3) were synthesized by ionic gelation technique, which resulting in particles size smaller than 650nm. The encapsulation efficiency of nanoformulations was over 41.5%. The nanoformulations exhibited slow and sustained in vitro release over 99% of drug from the Murva encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles after 24 hours. The synthesized nanoformulations were found to be a promising system for oral sustained administration of murva and also enhances its stability and bioavailability. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Murva, chitosan, stability, bioavailability

Simulation of a dipeptide Boc-Ile-Ile-NHMe as a drug carrier

Reverse micelles are discrete nanoscale particles composed of a water core surrounded by surfactant. In this current study the the self assembling properties of the dipeptide Boc-Ile-Ile-NHMe in chloroform to form a stable micelle at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 350 Kelvin has been analysed using insilico methods. The computational analysis was carried out using the steepest descent algorithm, a minimization tool used to study the protein energy level in insilco and it was compared with the thermodynamic parameters determined experimentally. Such reverse micelles finds a vast area of application one of which is drug delivery in nanotechnology. The present dipeptide is shown to carry drugs by insilico methods.   Key words: Reverse micelles, tetra peptide, minimization, drug delivery, nanotechnology