Thavathiru Kundrakudi Adigalar's paraphrase of Thirukkural

The purpose behind Thavathiru Kundrakkudi Adigalar's paraphrase of Thirukkural is to spread the fame of Thirukkural through the world and enable the people worldwide to drink the divine nectar of Thirukkural. It is also to help the people to practically apply the essense of Thirukkural to day-to-day practical life without distorting its meaning. Kundrakkudi Adigalars simple as well as clear paraphrase covers politics, life, commerce, Vriddhashram, agriculture, day today practical life style. The purpose of this essay is to present these aspects before you. Adigalar has presented this in short sentences with appropriate similes without deviating from the rules of grammar, with guidelines to the administrators and quotes from many famous books. His summary clearly shows that this world will turn into a place of bliss when it follows the path shown by Thirukkural whereby the sufferings will plunge into nothingness

Study of maternal and fetal outcome in antepartum eclampsia in a tertiary care hospital

Background: In modern obstetrics, the prevalence of Eclampsia and its complications are high, so we decided to study pregnancy outcome in all Antepartum Eclampsia patients. The present study was carried out to investigate the maternal and fetal outcome in patient with Antepartum eclampsia.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem, India over a period of one year from January 2016 to December 2016 in all Antepartum Eclampsia patients. Analysis was done regarding the age of women, parity, gestational age, imminent symptoms, mode of delivery, fetal outcome and maternal morbidity and mortality.Results: Incidence of Antepartum Eclampsia in our hospital is 0.7%. It is more common in age group of 20 to 25years (68.5%) and primigravida (56%) and gestational age >37 weeks (51.85%). Commonest mode of delivery was by caesarean section (72%). Out of 54 patients of Antepartum Eclampsia 3 (5.5%) died and 18 (33%) had complications. Out of 50 live babies, 16 (32%) died.Conclusions: Eclampsia is still one of the important and common obstetric emergencies and it has a significant role in maternal and fetal outcome. The early identification of risk factors and timely intervention is needed to improve maternal and perinatal outcome

Trends in maternal mortality in a tertiary care hospital

Background: To analyze the trends in maternal mortality in a tertiary hospital in Salem, Tamil Nadu.Methods: Design of the study was retrospective. Records of all maternal deaths occurring for the past 3 years from January 2013-December 2015 were studied and various factors analyzed and compared.Results: The maternal mortality rate ranged between 559-802/ 1,00,000 live births in our study. The majority of deaths were in the age group between 21-25 yrs. The majority of deaths in 2013 were due to hemorrhage (19.5%) followed by cortical venous thrombosis (17.6%), hypertensive disorders (14.6%). But in 2014 and 2015 hypertensive disorders were the common cause of death, [2014 (23%), 2015 (26.78%)] followed by hemorrhage (2014-12.8%, 2015 -17.5%) and sepsis (2014-20.5%, 2015-12.5%).Conclusions: Majority of maternal deaths can be prevented by adopting improved standards in early identification of preeclampsia, anemia and its management and early referral. Routine iron and folic acid supplementation to be done in an effective way. Proper antenatal care, emergency obstetrics care and routine audits are very much essential to decrease the maternal mortality as well as to know the trends of maternal deaths to develop subsequent management protocols

Utilization of earthworms in organic waste management

Vermicomposting is an ecofriendly, socially sound and economically viable technology to manage the organic waste resources. It is popular particularly in India, because it is the cheapest solution to overcome the dangerous effects of modernized agriculture. Vermicomposting is the application of earthworm in producing vermifertilizer which helps in maintenance of better environment and results in sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency and the nutritional status of vermicompost processed by two earthworm species, Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae from leaf litter and sugarcane trash.Chemical analysis of the vermicompost obtained from leaf litter wastes showed that the quantity of organic carbon was reduced from 38.65 to 28.89 and 28.0% by E. fetida and E. eugeniae respectively. The level of nitrogen (1.30%), phosphorus (0.38%), potassium (0.57%) and calcium ((0.70%) was maximum in leaf litter vermicompost processed by E. eugeniae than E. fetida. At the end of 45 days of composting, E. eugeniae has tremendously decreased the C/N ratio from 45.47, 60.19 to 22.40 and 29.19 in the composts of leaf litter and sugarcane trash respectively. Similarly, E. eugeniae processed leaf litter compost treated with plant, Abelmoschus esculentus showed maximum height (61.4cm), number of leaves (16 per plant), leaf area (365 cm²), fruit length (15.8cm), fruit weight (17.9gm) and total chlorophyll content (3.76 mg/g.fresh wt) than those treated with sugarcane trash

IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CLITORIA TERNATEA L

Objective: To investigate the in vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activity of Clitoria ternatea L. leaves and flowers. Methods: Phytochemicals of leaves and flowers were analysed by using standard methods. In vitro antioxidant studies were carried out for the ethanolic extract of the Clitoria ternatea leaves and flowers using various free radical models such a DPPH, Reducing power assay and Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. In vitro antidiabetic assay such as Non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin assay, Glucose uptake in Yeast cells and Inhibition of salivary-amylase enzyme were carried in ethanolic extract.. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity such as inhibition of albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization assay were performed in ethanolic extract. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of the Clitoria ternatea revealed the presence of various bioactive components like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, phenol, saponin, terpenoids and tannin in both leaves and flowers. Anthroquinone is absent in both the parts studied. The in vitro antidiabetic potential of plant extract was confirmed through non enzymatic glycation, glucose uptake by yeast cells and amylase inhibition methods. Antiinflammatory activity of Clitoria ternaea was also confirmed. Conclusion: The result of the present study concluded that the ethanolic extracts of Clitoria ternaea L. leaves and flowers possess significant antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The potential pharmacological activity of Clitoria ternaea L. leaves and flowers might be due to the presence of phytochemicals

PLANT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES

Objective: The study was aimed to synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from five different herbal plants (Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi, Myristica fragrans, Centella asiatica and Hemidesmus indicus). Methods: The qualitative analysis of plant extracts was performed to determine the presence of secondary metabolites. The plant mediated silver nanoparticles were synthesized. The color changed into brown to black color indicating the formation of AgNPs. The characterization of synthesized AgNPs was carried out by different methods such as UV-Vis Spectra, FE-TEM, Particle size analysis, Zeta potential analysis, XRD and FTIR. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles also examined against three fungi and bacteria. Results: The UV wave length of AgNPs is from 300 to 450 nm. The average size of AgNPs 581 d.nm, zeta potential is -13.3 mV. The FTIR results show that AgNPs contains the functional groups. In antimicrobial activity of all AgNPs synthesized by five plants inhibits the growth of bacteria and Terminalia chebula showed maximum effect. The XRD pattern clearly confirmed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles are crystalline in nature. TEM results shows that synthesized silver nanoparticles are round in shape. Conclusion: The green synthesis of nanoparticles shows that cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and safe for human therapeutic use. Color change, UV-Vis spectra, TEM and XRD analysis confirmed the stability of synthesized AgNPs. Â&nbsp

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM L. AGAINST EAC CELL LINE

Objective: To investigate the in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of chloroform and ethanol extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. leaves. Methods: Phytochemicals were analysed by using standard methods. In vitro antioxidant studies were carried out for the chloroform and ethanol extracts of the Cardiospermum halicacabum using various free radical models such a DPPH, Reducing power assay, nitric oxide scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, super oxide scavenging activity and ABTS. In vitro cytotoxic assay such as trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT assays were carried out against EAC cell line. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the Cardiospermum halicacabum L. was carried out and it revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarine, flavones, saponins, steroids, sugar, tannins and terpenoids. The results revealed that the chloroform extract has significant antioxidant potential than ethanol extract. The result revealed that the chloroform extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. showed pronounced anticancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell line than ethanol extract. Conclusion: The result of the present study concluded that the chloroform extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum L have significant antioxidant and anticancer activity then the ethanolic extract. The potential antioxidant and anticancer activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum L might be due to the presence of phytochemicals

PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN BLOOD AND URINE IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

Objective: To investigate the proteomics status of human blood and urine in diabetic nephropathy.Methods: In the present study 90 patients were selected. The study was comprised of 30 Diabetic mellitus (DM) with microalbuminuria patients (Group 3), 30 DM without microalbuminuria patients (group 2), 30 healthy controls (Group 1). Fasting glucose, post prandial glucose, lipid profile, fructosamine in serum and micro albumin in urine were investigated in all the patients.Results: The significant increase in serum fructosamine, fasting and post prandial glucose levels along with increased microalbuminuria observed in group 3 patients compared to group 2 and group 1 patients. Hyperglycemia increases fructosamine, cholesterol, triglycerides with decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels, indicates the major risk of atherogenicity. To study the effect of age, smoking, DM duration on DN, patients were grouped in different way and analysed.Conclusion: The results suggested that smoking, age and prolonged DM influences DN. Normal and DN patients serum and urine samples were selected and protein was separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by LC-MS. Results of LC-MS showed the difference in proteomics of normal and DN patients

Logic programming and artificial neural networks in breast cancer detection

About 90% of breast cancers do not cause or are capable of producing death if detected at an early stage and treated properly. Indeed, it is still not known a specific cause for the illness. It may be not only a beginning, but also a set of associations that will determine the onset of the disease. Undeniably, there are some factors that seem to be associated with the boosted risk of the malady. Pondering the present study, different breast cancer risk assessment models where considered. It is our intention to develop a hybrid decision support system under a formal framework based on Logic Programming for knowledge representation and reasoning, complemented with an approach to computing centered on Artificial Neural Networks, to evaluate the risk of developing breast cancer and the respective Degree-of-Confidence that one has on such a happening.This work has been supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope UID/CEC/00319/2013