Unsaturated polyester resin/polymethylmethacrylate waveguide-based refractive index sensor with dual-wavelength temperature compensation

This paper demonstrates an optical waveguide based- refractive index (RI) sensor using the temperature compensation method. The optical waveguide was formed using a polymethylmethacrylate sheet as the cladding material and unsaturated polyester resin as the core material. The sensor design consists of two input waveguide branches, a sensing area and an output branch. Two light emitting diodes with wavelength of 530 nm and 660 nm were used as light sources. In this work, temperature compensation was done by dual-wavelength technique in which RI and temperature sensitivities were measured at two different wavelengths at 530 nm and 660 nm. Based on the RI and temperature sensitivities, temperature compensation was implemented. Experimental fndings indicated that the average relative error of the uncompensated measurement using the light source of 530 nm and 660 nm were 0.4372% and 0.2749%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average error of the temperature compensation method was 0.0344%. Hence, the temperature compensation method provides measurement error up to 92% lower compared to the uncompensated method. As such, the proposed dual-wavelength compensation method could effectively improve the RI measurement accuracy

The use of fuzzy linear regression models for tumor size in colorectal cancer in hospital of Malaysia

Regression analysis has become popular among several fields of research and standard tools in analysing data. This structure was represented by four commonly statistical models such as multiple linear regression, fuzzy linear regression (Tanaka, 1982), fuzzy linear regression (Ni, 2005) and extended fuzzy linear regression by benchmarking models under fuzziness (Chung, 2012). Colorectal cancer (CRC) was applied on CRC cases in Malaysia. The CRC patients’ quality of life in order to detect the CRC at an early stage is still very poor, the programmes are mainly ad-hoc and not implemented as a national wide programme. This study aims to determine the best model to measure the tumor size at hospitals using mean square error and root mean square error. Secondary data was used where 180 patients having colorectal cancer and receiving treatment in hospitals was recorded by nurses and doctors. Based on the results, fuzzy linear regression (Ni, 2005) is the best model to predict the tumor size developed by patients after receiving treatment in hospital

Unsaturated polyester resin/polymethylmethacrylate waveguide-based refractive index sensor with dual wavelength temperature compensation

This paper demonstrates an optical waveguide based- refractive index (RI) sensor using the temperature compensation method. The optical waveguide was formed using a polymethylmethacrylate sheet as the cladding material and unsaturated polyester resin as the core material. The sensor design consists of two input waveguide branches, a sensing area and an output branch. Two light emitting diodes with wavelength of 530 nm and 660 nm were used as light sources. In this work, temperature compensation was done by dual-wavelength technique in which RI and temperature sensitivities were measured at two different wavelengths at 530 nm and 660 nm. Based on the RI and temperature sensitivities, temperature compensation was implemented. Experimental fndings indicated that the average relative error of the uncompensated measurement using the light source of 530 nm and 660 nm were 0.4372% and 0.2749%, respectively. Meanwhile, the average error of the temperature compensation method was 0.0344%. Hence, the temperature compensation method provides measurement error up to 92% lower compared to the uncompensated method. As such, the proposed dual-wavelength compensation method could effectively improve the RI measurement accuracy