Morphometric analyses of human dry tali of South Indian origin

Background: Talus is the key bone of the human body as it carries the whole weight of the body. Since the talus endures a lot of differential forces during locomotion, the stress patterns across the talus influence its overall dimensions. Research in skeletal biology and methodological approaches to the identification of human skeletal remains have advanced significantly in recent years. This study was undertaken because of the scarcity of the morphometric data in adult human dry tali of South Indian origin. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the angles of declination and inclination in adult human dry tali; to estimate the differences in the angles between right and left tali; and to report and estimate the differences in other morphological parameters such as maximum anterioposterior length of the talus, maximum transverse width of the talus, trochlear length, length of the sulcus tali, and width of the sulcus tali of right and left sides. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 50 (25 right and 25 left) adult dry tali of unknown ages and sexes over a period of 6 months in the Department of Anatomy, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences. The angles of declination and inclination were measured with goniometer. Other parameters were measured with digital Vernier calipers. Results: The mean angles of declination were 26° and 27° and those of inclination were 120° and 122° on the right and left sides, respectively. All the parameters measured showed no statistically significant difference between the right and left sides. Conclusion: The values of this study were relatively closer to the other studies. The parameters of this study may be helpful to surgeons, orthopedicians, and forensic anthropologists

State owned enterprises as bribe payers: the role of institutional environment

Our paper draws attention to a neglected channel of corruption—the bribe payments by state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This is an important phenomenon as bribe payments by SOEs fruitlessly waste national resources, compromising public welfare and national prosperity. Using a large dataset of 30,249 firms from 50 countries, we show that, in general, SOEs are less likely to pay bribes for achieving organizational objectives owing to their political connectivity. However, in deteriorated institutional environments, SOEs may be subjected to potential managerial rent-seeking behaviors, which disproportionately increase SOE bribe propensity relative to privately owned enterprises. Specifically, our findings highlight the importance of fostering democracy and rule of law, reducing prevalence of corruption and shortening power distance in reducing the incidence of SOE bribery

On the inadequacy of environment impact assessments for projects in Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park of Goa, India : a peer review

The Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a regulatory framework adopted since 1994 in India to evaluate the impact and mitigation measures of projects, however, even after 25 years of adoption, EIAs continue to be of inferior quality with respect to biodiversity documentation and assessment of impacts and their mitigation measures. This questions the credibility of the exercise, as deficient EIAs are habitually used as a basis for project clearances in ecologically sensitive and irreplaceable regions. The authors reiterate this point by analysing impact assessment documents for three projects: the doubling of the National Highway-4A, doubling of the railway-line from Castlerock to Kulem, and laying of a 400-kV transmission line through the Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park in the state of Goa. Two of these projects were recently granted ‘Wildlife Clearance’ during a virtual meeting of the Standing Committee of the National Board of Wildlife (NBWL) without a thorough assessment of the project impacts. Assessment reports for the road and railway expansion were found to be deficient on multiple fronts regarding biodiversity assessment and projected impacts, whereas no impact assessment report was available in the public domain for the 400-kV transmission line project. This paper highlights the biodiversity significance of this protected area complex in the Western Ghats, and highlights the lacunae in biodiversity documentation and inadequacy of mitigation measures in assessment documents for all three diversion projects. The EIA process needs to improve substantially if India is to protect its natural resources and adhere to environmental protection policies and regulations nationally and globally

An Automated Climate Control System for Greenhouse Using Deep Learning for Tomato Crop

The agricultural growth or crop growth depends on the climate variables in environment. Due to diseases, there is decreasing in crop growth. An Automated Greenhouse is an important factor in the crop growth of agriculture. We consider the six climate variables for the greenhouse, i.e. Temperature, Humidity, Soil Moisture, CO2 Concentration, Light Intensity and pH scale for Tomato crop. Tomato is an economically the important vegetable crop on the world. The rules and regulation of tomato crop environment and production of the greenhouse are difficult and to minimize these difficulties. For that difficulties to identify a problem first and provide the solution as quickly as possible. The main difficulty in the tomato crop is diseases. The aim of our project is to find out the pathogens of diseases using the climate variables. To finding the impact of climate variable, we use Deep Neural Network System. Because of DNN system shown the outstanding performance compared to traditional machine learning. The Deep Neural Network is used to design system that can be trained and test with high performance

Enhanced Scheme For Handwritten Offline Signature Verification

Handwritten Signature Verification is a broad area. It has been broadly researched in the last decades but there is an open research problem. There are some possibilities to improve the results. To achieve better results we propose a new handwritten offline signature system. The non-repetitive nature of variation of the signature, because of age and illness this is the limitation of existing system. To overcome this limitation this new system is design. Signature having own psychology or behavior characteristics using that we will propose system to find nature and current psychology of signature person in offline. Different features are extracted from offline signature for comparison. One-class SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier is used for classification of signature. Signature is genuine or forged one to classify that OCSVM (One-Class Support Vector Machine) used