In Vitro Antilithiasis Activity of Melastoma malabathricum Linn

Urolithiasis is a painful disease that affects the human population in every part of the world and majority of cases of renal lithiasis have calcium oxalate. The present study was carried out to study effect of M. malabathricum on calcium oxalate crystals in vitro and to determine the relationship between total flavonoid content and anti-crystallization activity of different extract. Four different extract from different parts of M. malabathricum were studied to determine the part with higher activity against calcium oxalate crystallization.The leaf of M. malabathricum demonstrated the highest crystal growth inhibition activity compared to other parts of the plant. The leaf extract was further fractionated by column chromatography. The fractions were studied for total flavonoid content as well as crystal growth inhibition and Spearman correlation showed that there was a good correlation between TFC and antilithiasis activity with the F1 fraction having highest activity. The activity of the F1 fraction was confirmed by calcium oxalate aggregation assay and microscopic examination. The higher content of flavonoids and calcium oxalate antilithiasis activity of the leaves suggest further studies for development of newer effective drugs from this herb. Keywords: M. malabathricum, calcium oxalate, crystallization, lithiasis and total flavonoid content

Phytochemical Screening and Prophylactic Antibacterial Effects of Andrographis Paniculata Extracts from Kemaman, Malaysia

Higher plants, as source of medicinal compounds, have continue to play a significant role in the maintenance of health for centuries, especially in developing countries. Plant such as Andrographis paniculata extracts have been utilised for the treatment of many diseases including diarrhoea and upper respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemical constituents and prophylactic antibacterial anti-bacterial effect of methanol, ethyl acetate, ethanol: water (1:1 v/v) and aqueous extracts on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus typhemorium, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli respectively. The highest zone of growth inhibition (14 and 10 mm) observed by ethyl acetate and methanol extacts at the lowest concentration of 0.625 mg/mL, against S.aureus ATCC 9144, respectively. The ethanol: water (1:1 v/v) and aqueous exhibited no activity against the tested pathogenes as compared with the standard ampicillin (2.9 mm) at lowest concentration. Both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts indicated a lower MIC value of 1.25, and 0.625 mg/mL respectively against gram-negative bacteria (E.coli), while higher MIC values of 2.5 mg/ml against gram-positive bacteria (S.aureus and S.typhii) was observed. The methanol and aqueous extracts showed lower MIC values of 0.625 mg/mL against E. coli (indicating better activity) than ethanol: water (1:1 v/v) against both gram -ve bacteria (S. epidermidis and E. coli). However, all the extracts have lower MIC values of 0.625 mg to 1.25 mg against gram -ve bacteria (S.epidermidis and E.coli). The result showed a better activity of the extracts against gram -ve bacteria, which are significantly important in causing common problems of bacterial infections in hospitals causing many diseases such as respiratory tract infections. Keywords: key words, Bacteria, minimum inhibitory concentration, zone of growth inhibition, Andrographis paniculat

Taste Profiling Of Centella Asiatica By A Taste Sensor.

A taste sensor was used for organoleptic profiling and quality evaluation of Centella asiatica extracts and isolates on the basis of basic tastes i.e., sweett sour, bitter, salty and umami

Taste Profiling Of Centella Asiatica By A Taste Sensor.

The usage of herbal products is currently on the rise because of their vast therapeutis potential

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF MELASTOMA MALABATHRICUM LINN. FROM DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

Objective: The initial study was to screen the phytochemical content of methanol extract of M. malabathricum from seven different locations. The other objective was to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC), Total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant potential and cytotoxic activity (on Hepatoma G2 cells) of these extracts and to determine the relationship between TPC and other parameters.Methods: The preliminary phytochemical screening for the presence of the secondary metabolite was carried out according to standard procedures. TheTPC,TFC and antioxidant activity were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminium chloride (colorimetric) methodand1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity respectively.Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, analkaloid, steroids, flavonoid, phenols, terpenoids and fixed oil but tested negative for the presence of glycoside and saponins. The samples were found to have high TPC and antioxidant activity. The Bachok Kelantan sample (L7) showed highest phenolic content (671.51±50.07 mg of GAE/g) as well as highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (80.81% and IC50 102 µg/ml). The highest cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells (IC50 1.4µg/ml) was shown by KualaTerengganu, Terengganu sample (L1). The Spearman correlation showed that, there is a strong positive correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity (r = 0.714) as well as strong negative correlation between MTT IC50 and TPC (R =-0.649) of M. malabathricum from different locations. Moreover, there is a weak positive correlation between TFC and antioxidant activity (R = 0.286, p= 0.535). Also, there is poor correlation between TFC and cytotoxicity (R =-0.216, p= 0.64).Conclusion: The phenolic compounds are associated with the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of M. malabathricum, whereas flavonoids are poorly and weakly associated with cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of M. malabathricum respectively. The total phenolic content, mean flavonoid content and mean antioxidant activity of M. malabathricum from different locations were significantly different across seven locations (p<0.05).Â

The PCA and LDA Analysis on the Differential Expression of Proteins in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality in women. In Malaysia, it is the most common cancer to affect women. The most common form of breast cancer is infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). A proteomic approach was undertaken to identify protein profile changes between cancerous and normal breast tissues from 18 patients. Two protein extracts; aqueous soluble and membrane associated protein extracts were studied. Thirty four differentially expressed proteins were identified. The intensities of the proteins were used as variables in PCA and reduced data of six principal components (PC) were subjected to LDA in order to evaluate the potential of these proteins as collective biomarkers for breast cancer. The protein intensities of SEC13-like 1 (isoform b) and calreticulin contributed the most to the first PC while the protein intensities of fibrinogen beta chain precursor and ATP synthase D chain contributed the most to the second PC. Transthyretin precursor and apolipoprotein A-1 precursor contributed the most to the third PC. The results of LDA indicated good classification of samples into normal and cancerous types when the first 6 PCs were used as the variables. The percentage of correct classification was 91.7% for the originally grouped tissue samples and 88.9% for cross-validated samples

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles derived Acorus Calamus rhizome extract and their biomedical application

The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were derived from Acorus calamus (A. calamus) rhizome extract using different temperature. The absorbance centered at 439 nm, which was corresponds to the wavelength of the surface plasmon resonance of Ag NPs at 95 ◦C. From FESEM and TEM image showed, the Ag NPs were exhibited spherical structure. Elemental compositions were identified by EDAX analysis. The synthesized Ag NPs, functional groups were identified by the FTIR spectra. The antibacterial studies performed against a set of bacterial strains showed that the Ag NPs possessed a greater antibacterial effect than the Plant extract (PE) and silver nitrate. In-vitro cytotoxic effect of green synthesized A. calamus rhizome extract derived Ag NPs tested against MG 63, MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines

A REVIEW OF POTENTIAL ANTICANCERS FROM ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The drawbacks of conventional chemotherapy such as resistance, lack of specificity, severe toxicity warrant the need to explore alternative approach for the treatment of cancer. Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate defense mechanism of all organisms and have been developed as potential alternatives in combatting infectious diseases. In addition, anticancer effects of many peptides have been reported with remarkable prospects in some in vitro studies especially on breast, cervical and lung cancer cell lines, and in vivo murine tumour xenografts. This review summarizes the reports on the activities of some selected anticancer peptides on various cancer cell lines

Chemometrics of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer patients

AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues for differentiating cancer and normal tissues