Three rare and accidental findings of hemoglobinopathies encountered in high-performance liquid chromatography: case series

Hemoglobinopathies are the leading cause of some major genetic and social health problem in India. Among all hemoglobinopathies, sickle cell disorder and thalassemia are commonly found in Gujarat state. Double heterozygous state of hemoglobin S and D, hemoglobin E trait, hemoglobin D disease are very uncommon. In present instance, one case of 25-year-old male was diagnosed with sickle cell hemoglobin D disease. The case was confirmed through slide-based sickle test and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peripheral smear findings showed presence of microcytic hypochromic red blood cells (RBCs) and many sickled RBCs. Ultrasonography (USG) findings showed hepatomegaly. Second case of 30-year-old female was diagnosed with hemoglobin E trait. The case was confirmed by HPLC. The peripheral findings showed normocytic normochromic RBCs and occasional target cells. Presence of gross hepatomegaly on palpation. Third case of 20-year-old female was diagnosed with hemoglobin D trait. The case was confirmed by HPLC. The peripheral findings showed normocytic normochromic RBCs

Study of Prevalence of Thalassemia and its variants using HPLC – A Hospital based Retrospective Study

Background: Structural defect in haemoglobin are the most common inherited abnormalities of hemoglobin synthesis. Objective: Early and accurate diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. Diagnosis of these disorders through HPLC is most convient investigation for diagnosis of hemoglobinapathies. Results and conclusion: Abnormal hemoglobin fractions on HPLC were seen in 338 cases of total 730 samples examined. Out of all the cases, β Thalassemia Minor was the predominant abnormality. 75 cases (10.27%) were β Thalassemia Major and 17 cases (2.325%) were β Thalassemia Intermedia. 2 cases with diagnosis of Sickle β thalassemia were reported. In our study, one case of δβ thalassemia and 4 cases of δβ thalassemia trait were also reported. HPLC is easy and convient method to rule out hemoglobinopathies. The trend of labelling the diagnosis of hemoglobinopathy with HPLC instead of Hb Electrophoresis is rapidly rising. Thus, HPLC is a better tool to rule out hemoglobinopathy and improve the life standards of general population

Human Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Mesoderm-like Epithelium Transitions to Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have the potential to produce all of the cells in the body. They are able to self-renew indefinitely, potentially making them a source for large-scale production of therapeutic cell lines. Here, we developed a monolayer differentiation culture that induces hESC (WA09 and BG01) to form epithelial sheets with mesodermal gene expression patterns (BMP4, RUNX1, and GATA4). These E-cadherin+ CD90low cells then undergo apparent epithelial–mesenchymal transition for the derivation of mesenchymal progenitor cells (hESC-derived mesenchymal cells [hES-MC]) that by flow cytometry are negative for hematopoietic (CD34, CD45, and CD133) and endothelial (CD31 and CD146) markers, but positive for markers associated with mesenchymal stem cells (CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166). To determine their functionality, we tested their capacity to produce the three lineages associated with mesenchymal stem cells and found they could form osteogenic and chondrogenic, but not adipogenic lineages. The derived hES-MC were able to remodel and contract collagen I lattice constructs to an equivalent degree as keloid fibroblasts and were induced to express α-smooth muscle actin when exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, but not platelet derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B). These data suggest that the derived hES-MC are multipotent cells with potential uses in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and for providing a highly reproducible cell source for adult-like progenitor cells

Stretchable Nanolasing from Hybrid Quadrupole Plasmons

This paper reports a robust and stretchable nanolaser platform that can preserve its high mode quality by exploiting hybrid quadrupole plasmons as an optical feedback mechanism. Increasing the size of metal nanoparticles in an array can introduce ultrasharp lattice plasmon resonances with out-of-plane charge oscillations that are tolerant to lateral strain. By patterning these nanoparticles onto an elastomeric slab surrounded by liquid gain, we realized reversible, tunable nanolasing with high strain sensitivity and no hysteresis. Our semiquantum modeling demonstrates that lasing build-up occurs at the hybrid quadrupole electromagnetic hot spots, which provides a route toward mechanical modulation of light-matter interactions on the nanoscale

Stretchable Nanolasing from Hybrid Quadrupole Plasmons

This paper reports a robust and stretchable nanolaser platform that can preserve its high mode quality by exploiting hybrid quadrupole plasmons as an optical feedback mechanism. Increasing the size of metal nanoparticles in an array can introduce ultrasharp lattice plasmon resonances with out-of-plane charge oscillations that are tolerant to lateral strain. By patterning these nanoparticles onto an elastomeric slab surrounded by liquid gain, we realized reversible, tunable nanolasing with high strain sensitivity and no hysteresis. Our semiquantum modeling demonstrates that lasing build-up occurs at the hybrid quadrupole electromagnetic hot spots, which provides a route toward mechanical modulation of light-matter interactions on the nanoscale

Stretchable Nanolasing from Hybrid Quadrupole Plasmons

This paper reports a robust and stretchable nanolaser platform that can preserve its high mode quality by exploiting hybrid quadrupole plasmons as an optical feedback mechanism. Increasing the size of metal nanoparticles in an array can introduce ultrasharp lattice plasmon resonances with out-of-plane charge oscillations that are tolerant to lateral strain. By patterning these nanoparticles onto an elastomeric slab surrounded by liquid gain, we realized reversible, tunable nanolasing with high strain sensitivity and no hysteresis. Our semiquantum modeling demonstrates that lasing build-up occurs at the hybrid quadrupole electromagnetic hot spots, which provides a route toward mechanical modulation of light-matter interactions on the nanoscale