4,803 research outputs found
Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in a Driven Sandpile Model
We construct a driven sandpile slope model and study it by numerical
simulations in one dimension. The model is specified by a threshold slope
\sigma_c\/, a parameter \alpha\/, governing the local current-slope
relation (beyond threshold), and , the mean input current of sand.
A nonequilibrium phase diagram is obtained in the \alpha\, -\, j_{\rm in}\/
plane. We find an infinity of phases, characterized by different mean slopes
and separated by continuous or first-order boundaries, some of which we obtain
analytically. Extensions to two dimensions are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX (preprint format), 4 figures available upon requs
Effect of Noise on Patterns Formed by Growing Sandpiles
We consider patterns generated by adding large number of sand grains at a
single site in an abelian sandpile model with a periodic initial configuration,
and relaxing. The patterns show proportionate growth. We study the robustness
of these patterns against different types of noise, \textit{viz.}, randomness
in the point of addition, disorder in the initial periodic configuration, and
disorder in the connectivity of the underlying lattice. We find that the
patterns show a varying degree of robustness to addition of a small amount of
noise in each case. However, introducing stochasticity in the toppling rules
seems to destroy the asymptotic patterns completely, even for a weak noise. We
also discuss a variational formulation of the pattern selection problem in
growing abelian sandpiles.Comment: 15 pages,16 figure
The Irreducible String and an Infinity of Additional Constants of Motion in a Deposition-Evaporation Model on a Line
We study a model of stochastic deposition-evaporation with recombination, of
three species of dimers on a line. This model is a generalization of the model
recently introduced by Barma {\it et. al.} (1993 {\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf
70} 1033) to states per site. It has an infinite number of constants
of motion, in addition to the infinity of conservation laws of the original
model which are encoded as the conservation of the irreducible string. We
determine the number of dynamically disconnected sectors and their sizes in
this model exactly. Using the additional symmetry we construct a class of exact
eigenvectors of the stochastic matrix. The autocorrelation function decays with
different powers of in different sectors. We find that the spatial
correlation function has an algebraic decay with exponent 3/2, in the sector
corresponding to the initial state in which all sites are in the same state.
The dynamical exponent is nontrivial in this sector, and we estimate it
numerically by exact diagonalization of the stochastic matrix for small sizes.
We find that in this case .Comment: Some minor errors in the first version has been correcte
Drift and trapping in biased diffusion on disordered lattices
We reexamine the theory of transition from drift to no-drift in biased
diffusion on percolation networks. We argue that for the bias field B equal to
the critical value B_c, the average velocity at large times t decreases to zero
as 1/log(t). For B < B_c, the time required to reach the steady-state velocity
diverges as exp(const/|B_c-B|). We propose an extrapolation form that describes
the behavior of average velocity as a function of time at intermediate time
scales. This form is found to have a very good agreement with the results of
extensive Monte Carlo simulations on a 3-dimensional site-percolation network
and moderate bias.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, 3 figures, To appear in International Journal of
Modern Physics C, vol.
Charge and Statistics of Quasiparticles in Fractional Quantum Hall Effec
We have studied here the charge and statistics of quasiparticle excitations
in FQH states on the basis of the Berry phase approach incorporating the fact
that even number of flux quanta can be gauged away when the Berry phase is
removed to the dynamical phase. It is observed that the charge and
statistical parameter of a quasiparticle at filling factor
are given by and
, with the fact that the charge of the quasihole is
opposite to that of the quasielectron. Using Laughlin wave function for
quasiparticles, numerical studies have been done following the work of
Kj{\o}nsberg and Myrheim \cite{KM} for FQH states at and it is
pointed out that as in case of quasiholes, the statistics parameter can be well
defined for quasielectrons having the value .Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Energy current magnification in coupled oscillator loops
Motivated by studies on current magnification in quantum mesoscopic systems
we consider sound and heat transmission in classical models of oscillator
chains. A loop of coupled oscillators is connected to two leads through which
one can either transmit monochromatic waves or white noise signal from heat
baths. We look for the possibility of current magnification in this system due
to some asymmetry introduced between the two arms in the loop. We find that
current magnification is indeed obtained for particular frequency ranges.
However the integrated current shows the effect only in the presence of a
pinning potential for the atoms in the leads. We also study the effect of
anharmonicity on current magnification.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Dynamics of bootstrap percolation
Bootstrap percolation transition may be first order or second order, or it
may have a mixed character where a first order drop in the order parameter is
preceded by critical fluctuations. Recent studies have indicated that the mixed
transition is characterized by power law avalanches, while the continuous
transition is characterized by truncated avalanches in a related sequential
bootstrap process. We explain this behavior on the basis of a through
analytical and numerical study of the avalanche distributions on a Bethe
lattice.Comment: Proceedings of the International Workshop and Conference on
Statistical Physics Approaches to Multidisciplinary Problems, IIT Guwahati,
India, 7-13 January 200
A non-destructive analytic tool for nanostructured materials : Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy
Modern materials science requires efficient processing and characterization
techniques for low dimensional systems. Raman spectroscopy is an important
non-destructive tool, which provides enormous information on these materials.
This understanding is not only interesting in its own right from a physicist's
point of view, but can also be of considerable importance in optoelectronics
and device applications of these materials in nanotechnology. The commercial
Raman spectrometers are quite expensive. In this article, we have presented a
relatively less expensive set-up with home-built collection optics attachment.
The details of the instrumentation have been described. Studies on four classes
of nanostructures - Ge nanoparticles, porous silicon (nanowire), carbon
nanotubes and 2D InGaAs quantum layers, demonstrate that this unit can be of
use in teaching and research on nanomaterials.Comment: 32 pages, 13 figure
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