A Comparison of Vertical Jump Performance between Mesomorphic and Ectomorphic Dominant Somatotypes

Introduction: Vertical jump performance is an important measure of leg power and explosiveness in sports. Somatotype, referring to body shape and composition. It may relate to vertical jump capacity. This study aimed to compare vertical jump, peak anaerobic power, and relative anaerobic capabilities between ectomorphic-mesomorph and mesomorphic-ectomorph somatotypes among sedentary male students. Methods: A total number of 26 students participated in this study. Participants underwent anthropometric assessments to determine Heath-Carter somatotype ratings. Additionally, countermovement jumps were performed to evaluate vertical jump height, estimate peak anaerobic power via the Sayers equation, and calculate a power-to-body mass ratio. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between ectomorphic-mesomorphs (n=15) and mesomorphic-ectomorphs (n=11) for vertical jump (54.47 ± 8.33 cm vs 57.09 ± 6.28 cm, p = 0.25), peak anaerobic power (3576 ± 542.01 W vs 3473.47 ± 538.71 W, p = 0.64), or power-to-body mass ratio (69.97 ± 10.51 W/kg vs 65.10 ± 7.46 W/kg, p = 0.18). Conclusion: While this initial study suggested no substantial performance differences based on somatotype, further research with increased statistical power through larger sample sizes is necessary to conclusively determine relationships between physique and anaerobic capacities in the general population. Matching and tracking athletes over sports training may also clarify advantages conferred by morphology alone.Introducción: El rendimiento del salto vertical es una medida importante de la potencia de las piernas y la explosividad en los deportes. El somatotipo, que se refiere a la forma y composición del cuerpo, puede estar relacionado con la capacidad de salto vertical. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el salto vertical, la potencia anaeróbica máxima y las capacidades anaeróbicas relativas entre los somatotipos ectomorfo-mesomorfo y mesomórfico-ectomorfo entre estudiantes varones sedentarios. Métodos: En este estudio participaron un total de 26 estudiantes. Los participantes se sometieron a evaluaciones antropométricas para determinar las calificaciones de somatotipo de Heath-Carter. Además, se realizaron saltos con contramovimiento para evaluar la altura del salto vertical, estimar la potencia anaeróbica máxima mediante la ecuación de Sayers y calcular la relación potencia-masa corporal. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ectomorfos-mesomorfos (n=15) y mesomorfos-ectomorfos (n=11) para salto vertical (54,47 ± 8,33 cm vs 57,09 ± 6,28 cm, p = 0,25), potencia anaeróbica máxima (3576 ± 542,01 W vs 3473,47 ± 538,71 W, p = 0,64), o relación potencia-masa corporal (69,97 ± 10,51 W/kg vs 65,10 ± 7,46 W/kg, p = 0,18). Conclusión: Si bien este estudio inicial no sugirió diferencias sustanciales en el rendimiento según el somatotipo, se necesitan más investigaciones con mayor poder estadístico a través de tamaños de muestra más grandes para determinar de manera concluyente las relaciones entre el físico y las capacidades anaeróbicas en la población general. Emparejar y seguir a los atletas durante el entrenamiento deportivo también puede aclarar las ventajas conferidas únicamente por la morfología

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress: A Vicious Cycle or a Double-Edged Sword?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/63268/1/ars.2007.1782.lowlink.pdf_v03.pd

How and why do South Asians attend GUM clinics? Evidence from contrasting GUM clinics across England

Background: Improving access to sexual healthcare is a priority in the UK, especially for ethnic minorities. Though South Asians in the UK report low levels of sexual ill health, few data exist regarding their use of genitourinary medicine (GUM) services. Objectives: To describe reasons for attendance at GUM clinics among individuals of South Asian origin relative to patients of other ethnicities. Methods: 4600 new attendees (5% South Asian; n=226) at seven sociodemographically and geographically contrasting GUM clinics across England completed a questionnaire between October 2004 and March 2005, which were linked to routine clinical data. Results: South Asians were more likely than other groups to be signposted to the GUM clinic by another health service-for example, in women 14% versus 8% respectively (p=0.005) reported doing so from a family planning clinic. These women also reported that they would be less likely to go to the clinic if their symptoms resolved spontaneously compared with other women (51% vs 31%, p=0.024). However, relative to other clinic attendees, no differences in the proportions of South Asians who had acute STI(s) diagnosed at clinic were noted. Furthermore, South Asian men were more likely to report as their reason for attendance that they wanted an HIV test (23.4% vs 14.8%, p=0.005). Conclusion: Despite having similar STI care needs to attendees from other ethnic groups, South Asians, especially women, may be reluctant to seek care from GUM clinics, especially if their symptoms resolve. Sexual health services need to develop locally-delivered and culturally-appropriate initiatives to improve care pathways

Overview of Carbon Capture Technology: Microalgal Biorefinery Concept and State-of-the-Art

The impending danger of climate change and pollution can now be seen on the world panorama. The concentration of CO2, the most important Green House Gas (GHG), has reached to formidable levels. Although carbon capture and storage (CCS) methods have been largely worked upon, they are cumbersome in terms of economy and their long term environmental safety raises a concern. Alternatively, bio-sequestration of CO2 using microalgal cell factories has emerged as a promising way of recycling CO2 into biomass via photosynthesis which in turn could be used for the production of bioenergy and other value-added products. Despite enormous potential, the production of microalgae for low-value bulk products and bulk products such as biofuels, is heretofore, not feasible. To achieve economic viability and sustainability, major hurdles in both, the upstream and downstream processes have to be overcome. Recent technoeconomic analyses and life-cycle assessments of microalgae-based production systems have suggested that the only possible way for scaling up the production is to completely use the biomass in an integrated biorefinery set-up wherein every valuable component is extracted, processed and valorized. This article provides a brief yet comprehensive review of the present carbon sequestration and utilization technologies, focusing primarily on biological CO2 capture by microalgae in the context of bio-refinery. The paper discusses various products of microalgal biorefinery and aims to assess the opportunities, challenges and current state-of-the-art of microalgae-based CO2 bioconversion, which are essential to the sustainability of this approach in terms of the environment as well as the economy

Somatotypes of East-Zone Indian Inter-University Kho-Kho Players

Background. Somatotyping in modern sports can be an important factor to be considered. Different studies have already taken the initial step to identify the sport-specific somatotypes for different games and sports. In contrast with the Kho-Kho game, some attempts have been made to identify somatotypes specific for these games. But there are only few studies that have been conducted, and various areas are still waiting to be explored. Study purpose. The present study aimed to identify the specific somatotypes of the kho-kho players. Additionally, this study also made an attempt to explore the important somatic traits that influence the somatotypes of the Kho-Kho players. Materials and methods. A total number of 74 players from six Kho-Kho teams that participated in East Zone Inter-University Tournament were purposively selected for the study. The anthropometric data collection was done according to the standard procedures given by ISAK (International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry). The statistical analysis was done by using MS Excel (2021) and SPSS’23. Results. The results of the study showed that most of the Kho-Kho players (90.6%) were possessing ectomorphic and mesomorphic dominant traits. There was also a significant difference found in ectomorphic and mesomorphic traits among the players possessing mesomorphic-ectomorph (p<0.05), ectomorphic-mesomorph (p<0.05) and ectomorph-mesomorph (p<0.05) somatotypes. Furthermore, the discriminant analysis also highlighted that attributes of ectomorphic traits (Discriminant coefficient = 1.168) and mesomorphic traits (Discriminant coefficient = 0.812) were important somatic traits for the Kho-Kho players. Overall, 88.6% of the original cases have been correctly represented by the discriminant analysis. Conclusions. The present study showed that Kho-Kho players for the most part possess the ectomorphic and mesomorphic dominant somatotypes. Furthermore, based on the study results, it can be also concluded that somatic attributes in the similar body types also play important role to determine players’ performance level

How much do delayed health care seeking, delayed care provision and diversion from primary care contribute to the transmission of STIs

Objectives: To explore the changing pattern of condom use from 1990 to 2000; to identify sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with condom use; and reasons for condom use in 2000. Methods: Large probability sample surveys administered among those resident in Britain aged 16–44 (n = 13 765 in 1990, n = 11 161 in 2000). Face to face interviews with self completion components collected sociodemographic, behavioural, and attitudinal data. Results: Condom use in the past year among sexually active 16–24 year old men increased from 61.0% in 1990 to 82.1% in 2000 (p<0.0001), and from 42.0% to 63.2% (p<0.0001) among women of the same age, with smaller increases among older age groups. Among individuals reporting at least two partners in the previous 4 week period, approximately two thirds reported inconsistent or no condom use (63.1% (95% CI 55.9% to 69.8%) of the men and 68.5% (95% CI 57.6% to 77.7%) of the women). Conclusions: Rates of condom use increased substantially between 1990 and 2000, particularly among young people. However, inconsistent condom use by individuals with high rates of partner acquisition may contribute significantly to the recent resurgence in STIs. This group is an important target for intensive and specific sexual health interventions